126 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



of the forehead very thin, with a considerable breadth of the tympanic 

 A'crtebra (5i inches). 



In a series of measurements of the heads of very intelligent and highly 

 gifted women, he never found so great a height of forehead as in eminent 

 men. The greatest size occurred in the authoress Mrs. Austin. 



Measurements of the middle and posterior regions of the head gave 

 fjequent occasion to recognise the relation between them and the sensibili- 

 ties and will. With a middle region of only 5 inches or less, the skull always 

 belonged to a low depraved nature. Two convicted thieves exhibited a 

 height of 4 inches 10 lines and 5 inches 1 line, with a breadth of 5 inches 

 2 lines. In the skulls of various savage tribes, as New Hollanders, Boto- 

 cudas, Guaraguanas, Aleutians, Negroes, Baschkirs, &c., the height was 

 only 4 inches 5-10 lines, and the breadth 4 inches 1-8 lines. On the other 

 hand, in poets", artists, and savans, the height amounted to 5 inches 4-7 lines, 

 and the breadth to 5 inches 5-9 lines. With respect to the hind part of the 

 head, its height was always characteristic of ^nergy of action ; whether this 

 Avas spiritual or corporeal in its nature, depended upon the greater or less 

 development of the region of the intellect. Thus a very muscular Arabian 

 springer was distinguished by an enormous height of occipital vertebra 

 (4 inches 5} lines); while in other more spiritually gifted persons of great 

 power of will it amounted to 3 inches 7 lines to 5 inches, by 4 inches 

 4-5 lines (in Ole Bull, 3 inches 11 lines; in Thorwaldsen, 4 inches 3 lines). 



Measurements of the middle head of females differed less from those of 

 males than was seen in the case of the fore or hind part of the head ; in 

 general they indicated a more or less predominant sensibility. The com- 

 parison of the heads of the eminent German actresses, Schrceder, mother 

 and daughter, was highly remarkable in this respect. The former, sedate, 

 measured, and stately in her performances, had a middle head measuring 

 4 inches 10 lines in height, and 5 inches 1 line in breadth, with a hind head 

 of 4 inches 4 lines in height ; the latter, who was also a great singer of won- 

 derful creative fancy, had a middle head of 5 inches in height and 5^ inches 

 in breadth, with a height of but 3 inches 11 lines for the hind head, A pair 

 of female criminals, one a poisoner, the other a child murderer, exhibited a 

 height of 4 inches 5-10 lines, with a common breadth of 5 inches 3 lines 

 for the middle head. The height of the hind head in females was generally 

 about 4 inches, never over 4 inches 4 lines, while in males it may amount 

 to 4 inches 8 lines, thus corresponding to the greater weakness of the 

 former sex. 



With respect to the import of varying height and breadth in the cranial 

 vertebrae, Carus came to the conclusion, that a greater breadth in the 

 anterior cerebral mass, and in the sincipital vertebra, was connected with 

 H greater tendency to a philosophical intellect. In the middle portion of 

 the head, too, variations in height and breadth appear decidedly to run 

 parallel with a more or less subjective direction of mind. In the occipital 

 vertebra, if the height seems more to keep ])ace with the motive energies, 

 the breadth is more in harmony with sexual characteristics. 



In illustration of the above developments, pi. 120, fig. 3, represents a 

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