130 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



the muscles and integuments of the neck. This nerve is supposed to be 

 compound, but essentially motor, and has been termed "the respiratory 

 nerve of the neck." 



9. The Lingual Nekye ; Hypoglossal Nerve. Ninth Pair. This 

 arises from the medulla oblongata, by several fasciculi, whose roots spring 

 from the fissure wliich separates the corpus pyramidale from the corpus 

 olivare ; these unite into two or three trunks, which ultimately coalesce 

 into one which passes through the anterior condyloid foramen of the occi- 

 pital bone, to be distributed to the muscles of the tongue. As it passes 

 across the neck, below the digastric tendon, it gives off a considerable 

 branch, the descendens colli or noni, to the omo-hyoid, sterno-hyoid, and thy- 

 roid muscles. 



PI. 137, ß(j. 17, branches of the fifth pair: *, infra- orbital ; *, frontal; 

 ', lachrymal ; ", buccal ; ', superficial temporal ; '", mental ; ", hypoglossus ; 

 *', trunk of the facial nerve, exterior to the aqueduct of Fallopius. For 

 the distribution of the facial nerve see Jig. 18, near the third branch of the 

 fifth pair. Füj. 18 ', stem of the fifth pair ; ', spheno-palatine ganglion ; 

 ', superficial branch of the vidian nerve, its connexion with the sympathetic 

 in the foramen lacerum, and with the facial nerve ; ", lingual branch of the 

 fifth pair, and the union of the chorda tympani with it; ', ganglion oticum, 

 with its branches ; "^ facial nerve ; ', union of the vidian nerve with the 

 facial ; *, origin of the chorda tympani from the facial nerve ; *, union of 

 the facial nerve with the glosso-pharyngeal ; ", with the vagus ; ", glosso- 

 pharyngeal nerve with the ganglion petrosum, from which proceeds the 

 plexus of Jacobson ; ", carotid plexus. Fig. 19, ophthalmic branch of the 

 fifth pair : ', skin of the forehead reflected ; ^ optic nerve ; ' oculo-motor 

 nerve ; ', sixth pair ; ', ophthalmic branch of the fifth pair ; ", lachrymal 

 nerve ; \ its anastomoses with the fourth pair ; '°, ethmoid nerve. Fig. 20, 

 superior maxillary branch of the fifth pair : ', lachrymal nerve ; ', second 

 branch of the fifth pair; ', spheno-palatine ganglion; ', superficial branch 

 of the vidian nerve ; ', deeper branch ; ", posterior dental nerve ; ', branch 

 to the gums; *, anterior dental nerve; % dental plexus; '°, infra-orbital 

 nerve; ", masseteric nerve; ", superficial temporal; ", inferior maxillary 

 nerve, cut off; '', lingual nerve, with its connexion with the chorda tym- 

 pani; "' (beneath '"), submaxillary ganglion; ", glosso-pharyngeal; "', acces- 

 sory of Willis ; '", vagus ; ", hypoglossus nerve, or ninth pair ; ", internal 

 carotid artery. Fig. 21', inferior maxillary, within the foramen rotun- 

 dum; ", temporal nerve; ', masseteric nerve; % superficial temporal nerve, 

 and its connexion with the facial ; ', inferior dental ; ', mental ; % lingual, 

 with the chorda tympani ; '", internal pterygoid. 



PI. 138, fig. 9, inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair, from outside : 

 ', masseteric ; ^ buccal ; '', its ramifications on the outside of the buccinator 

 muscle ; \ external pterygoid ; '■ \ deep temporal nerves ; ', superficial tem- 

 poral; \ facial nerve'; ', dental nerve of the lower jaw. Fig. 10, fifth pair, 

 from within : \ distribution of the nerve of smell on the spongy bones ; 

 -, trigemini nerve, Casserian ganglion, and origin of the three principal 

 branches; \ external or lateral nasal branch; *, spheno-palatine ganglion; 

 836 



