411 



alcohols. Bose') found about 0,8 for w atl7°,3. This is considerably 

 less than 23,7, so that actually heat is liberated in consequence of 

 the volume contraction. 



If loater is one of the components, the values of Av and w are 

 generally much greater. Thus e.g. Bose ') {w) and Ioung (At;) found : 



^7„ = — 0,030 



— 0,026 



— 0,030 



a) CH3OH— H,0 IÜ =1 — 196 



b) C,H,OH— H,0 — 114 



c) C,H^OH— H,0 + 6 



To form again an idea of what actually takes place 1 have once 

 more calculated the quantities ic and A?; according to (lO'*) and (11) 

 — which formula is, strictly speaking, only valid for normal com- 

 ponents, but can yet in approximation be also applied foi' the calcu- 

 lation of the normal efïect also in anomalous components. I have 

 done so for 



6 C,E,OH—H,0. We have then: 



From this is calculated : 

 to= 7, X 1,467 X 647,1 (0,2153 + 



+ V« 0,8989 . 0,4618 |0,3254-7, ^467 . 0,4618 . 1,4551 j) 



= 3323(0,2158 + 0,06919 | 0,3254— 0,2464 j) 



=r 3323 (0,2153 + 0,0055) = 8323 X 0,2208 = 734 gr. cal. 



For ^"1^ would be found : 



"^"A = 7,. Ii467 . 0,4618 . 0,0790 = 0,00223. 



And thus +734 is reduced to —114, and + 0,0022 to — 0,0026. 

 The great volume contraction (for the greater part owing to the 

 water) certainly chiefly determines the strong liberated heat-etfect. 



We shall not enter further into this, and only briefly return to 



1) At 21° 0,007 X V2(32 + 46) = 0,8, which reduced to 17° 8 gives 0,8 (see 

 the tables of L. u. B.). 



3) 50 mol. 0/0 =64 weight % gives at a) — 7,77 X Vo (18 + 32) = — 194(19° 7) 

 or —196 at 17°,3. Further at 72 weight. % of è) ly = — 3,55X V3 (18-f 46) = 

 = —114 (17°,3). WiNKELMANN found the same thing in 1907. And at 77 weight 

 % of c) is m; = + 0,50 X V2 (18 + 60) = + 19,5 (21°) or +6 at 17°,3. 



