424 



interpretation is ph^'siological only on the outside; at bottom it is 

 psychological. 



Emotions reveal themselves in two ways: Self-observation tells ns 

 what emotion in reality is, and from the expression of emotions we 

 deduce what the feelings of the affected individual really are. We 

 know that these peripheral phenomena play so impoitant a role that 

 some regard the expression of an emotion in reality as the source 

 of emotion, as a conscious i)rogress. Many psychologists still adhere 

 to this "JAMES-LANGE-theory". However, Lehmann has shown by dint 

 of many arguments that emotion is primary and expressional 

 movement is secondary. One of his arguments is that the change in 

 the blood-supply, in respiration etc., is posterior to the real emotion. 

 The experiment upon which this argument is based, is open to 

 objection, as it is often difficult to make out where exactly the change 

 in the plethysmogram or the breathing begins. This induced me to 

 repeat the experiment registering at the same time the psychogalvanic 

 reaction. In comparing the plethysmogram with the psychogalvano- 

 grara the latter appears to be more reliable, as is borjie out by the 

 subjoined curves. 



Respiration 



Galvanogram 



Plethysmogram 



\NS wv'. ,^^v^\\^^^^^^^^^^^\v, 



The beginning of the reaction is clearly marked, wiiereas in the 

 plethysmogram it is often doubtful with which pulsebeat the reaction 

 really begins. The subjoined table also clearly indicates that the 



Physiological reactiontimes to pain-sensations 

 in Vioo sec. 



