437 
of an active substance, is generally much greater with spraying than 
with the waterfall. 
Thirdly, according to Lenarpb’s theory, salt-solutions yield a distinct 
negative waterfall electricity; on the other hand they did not givea 
charge with spraying *). 
Finally Lenarp’s theory proves the bigger positive carriers of a 
common salt solution to contain sodium; the smaller negative carriers 
on the contrary consist of pure water molecules. This he demon- 
strated by bringing the carriers between the plates of a condenser, 
in which process the bigger positive Na-containing carriers went over 
to the negatively charged condenser-plate where the presence of 
sodium could be proved. The smaller negatively charged carriers 
went over to the positive plate, where no sodium could be found. 
A similar experiment with sprayed salt-solution *) shows that the 
big, positive carriers as well as the small negative ones contain 
sodium. 
We conclude, therefore, that though there is a correlation between 
waterfall-electricity and spray-electricity, they are obviously not 
quite identical. 
H. ZWAARDEMAKER. Reukstofmengsels en hun laadvermogen door nevelelectriciteit 
Id. Deel XXV 30 Sept. 1916. 
H. ZWAARDEMAKER. Le sens de l'adsorption des Subst. Volatiles Acta Oto-lary- 
agologica. 
H. ZWAARDEMAKER en H. ZEEHUISEN. Over het teeken v. h. ladingverschijnsel 
en de bij dit verschijnsel waargenomen invloed op de lyotrope reeksen. Verslagen 
K. A. v. Wetensch. deel XXVII 1918. 
E. L. Backman. De olfactologie der methylbenzolreeks. Id. Deel XXV 27 Jan. ’17. 
E. L. Backman. Ueber die Verstäubungselektricität der Riechstoffe. Arch. f. d. 
ges. Phys. Bd. 168 S. 351. 
C. Huyer. De olfactologie v. aniline en homologen. Diss. “Onderz.” (5) Deel 
RV: 1,589: 
1) Afterwards we succeeded in demonstrating a slight negative charge also with 
spraying a 1°/, common salt solution by lessening the capacity of the receiving 
disc. This charge, however, is not nearly so great as the one evoked in the 
waterfall and is far inferior to the spray-electricity generated by additions of 
volatile substances and of substances that activate the surface. 
2) A. Sreranint and G. GRADENIGO. Inhalazione di Nebbié Salina Secche. Lucca 
1914, p. 22. 
