454 
the dark submarginal seam has been reduced, while Bar II and III 
cannot be distinguished from each other. They are represented by 
a single dark double-line, which in its anterior part is very much 
festooned. At the outer side of this double-line a white bar runs along, 
followed by a particularly broad margin of a light-manilla brown hue. 
The comparison with the female pavonia makes it probable, that 
the dark submarginal edge ought to be situated between the white 
bar and the dark double-line, and that therefore we may assert that 
it is absent. Yet this is true only to a certain degree: the broaden- 
ing of the dark submarginal border is, as we remarked before, a 
consequence of the advancing of the obscuration over the areas 
between the succeeding transversal bars in a proximal direction, 
and tbis identical process is also seen to take place in schenckii, 
viz. on the fore-wing between double-line IL + III and the dark 
stripe representing IV. 
At the underside of schenckii the pattern is simple, and 
moreover pale and reduced. 
A.o. the eye-spots on the hindwings are much smaller, paler and 
less complete than at the upper side. 
Amongst the many genera near-akin, that are arranged around 
the Saturnids, a great number of additional arguments may be 
found for the above-mentioned assertion, that their colour-pattern: 
may be derived from the same scheme of seven dark transversal 
bars, which proved applicable to Aretiids. 
We only need point out forms like Rhodinia fugax, 
probably showing II, III, and V or VI, or Laepadamartis 
(Seitz II, Pl. 32¢), which on its forewing wears I, IH, III and V 
or VI, on its hind-wing I, II, HI, IV and V (the last two only in 
part). Even in such a complicated and special pattern as that of 
Brahmaeïds it is comparatively easy, with a little attention, to find 
again the seven primary transversal bars. 
However it is not only the ground-plan of the wing-design that 
may be shown with great probability to be common to numerous 
and various groups of moths, also the moditications of this plan 
seem to take place after the same rules among the different families 
of Lepidoptera. In the present case of Saturnine moths it is the 
broadening of the submarginal dark border in the direction of the 
hind margin, that constitutes the principal difference in pattern 
between the various species mentioned and leads to their arrangement 
in the sequel: pavonia, spini, pyri, boisduvalii, while 
the pattern of schenckii seems to be due to a secondary regres- 
sion of the dark band on its forewings. 
