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96 Geological Atlas, and from the second volume of STARING's well 
known: “Bodem van Nederland.” 
To give a clear survey of the whole, I have drawn out a map, 
of what he states, and made a profile of it. 
On this map and likewise in mentioned plate, of Srarine’s Atlas, 
we find inthe south-east of the Netherlands, a very old formation 
“devone” indicated by the letter D: This devone runs in an almost 
straight line parallel with carbon, bordering on it, as is marked in 
our map. The direction of the border-line is almost north-east, a 
very important one in the Limburg coal-fields. 
A look at the map, will show at once, the importance of that 
direction. For everywhere in this carbon, we find narrow 
seams of devone, and all those seams run in mentioned direction. 
The border-line between devone and the younger formations, 
cretaceous and the tertiary ones, is very irregular. On the stretch of land 
the cretacious mapped out, three tongues stand out clearly, that of 
Kohlscheid, that of Sippenaken and that of Aubel. Those three 
tongues stand almost straight on mentioned devone seams. 
Of the two features, the seams and the tongues, STARING furnishes 
us with the explanation. 
We shall begin with that of the seams, running north-east, as 
we saw. 
Those seams are the result of folds, through which the devone 
forms anticlinal folds, the productive carbon being formed in the 
synclinal folds. So roughly speaking we may say that, when we 
are somewhere in the productive carbon, we shall continue 
being there, as long as we move north-east or south-west; we shall 
however soon get into other layers, when we move north-west or 
south-east. The other feature, that of the tongues, is not quite so 
easily explained. 
In vol. II of his “Bodem van Nederland” Staring however mentiuns 
a number of faults which run through our coal-fields. Those faults 
just as the longitudinal axis of the tongues, stand as a rule, at 
right angles, on mentioned seams. The direction they have in common, 
already points towards the possibility of a common origin. Those 
faults I have marked in our map, according to the indications, 
given by STARING and numbered from I—VIII. Of the five first, 
the spot is more or less accurately known; with number VI, there 
exists some uncertainty, as to the spot, whereas the numbers VII 
and VIII are not directly mentioned. On the whole may be said 
that those faults are the better known, the more east they are. 
Let us now see what STARING knew of those faults and how far 
