4 University of Michigan 



found beneath water cress or in masses of Chara. After the 

 cress has been killed by the cold of winter, they still lurk in 

 deep holes underneath the bank in company with Umbra limi, 

 Eupomotis gibbosus, etc. They are distinctively bottom fishes. 



The food of the pirate perch was found to consist of 

 certain of the smaller invertebrates of its vegetation habitat, 

 namely green midge larvae, small amphipods and sometimes 

 the larvae of certain dytiscid beetles. Many stomachs have 

 been found empty. 



Pirate perches pass a considerable part of the time at rest : 

 head upstream, the large dorsal expanded, the caudal partly 

 closed and the pectorals slowly moving. When frightened 

 they move swiftly ; liberated in midstream they dive vertically 

 downward to find a place of concealment. 



