4 University of Michigan 



short. The pectorals are contained 2.2 [(1.6) 1.9 — 2.2 (2.5)] 

 times in the distance from their insertion to that of the ventrals ; 

 the ventrals are contained 1.8 [(1.2) 1.4 — 1.7 (1.9)] times in 

 the distance from their origin to that of the anal. 



In life the general appearance of the fish is silvery with a 

 faint pink to purplish iridescence suffusing the sides. This 

 reflection is strongest above the lateral line, becoming faint on 

 the back and paling gradually toward the colorless belly. The 

 color lying below the superficial iridescence is on the back a 

 more or less intense pea-green to blue-green which loses its 

 brightness toward the lateral line and becomes bright blue- 

 green below it. On the back the color is obscured by a slaty 

 cast due to fat in the epidermis and to the moderate, ratlwr 

 uniform pigmentation over the scales on the entire dorsal sur- 

 face. The pigmentation is continued over the top of the head 

 and extends also onto the preorbital area. It is likewise present 

 but in diminished abundance on the sides of the body, chiefly 

 above the lateral line. Four patches of green lie below the sur- 

 face on each side of the mid-dorsal line of the head — three, the 

 largest of which is rounded triangular, nearly contiguous, are 

 located posterior to the center of the eye and extend backward 

 to the occiput and the other, which is clubshaped, is located on 

 the side of the mid-line, with its narrow end extending back- 

 ward and inward to meet its companion of the other half of 

 the head. A small patch of green also lies in the cartilage in 

 front of the eye. The maxillaries, premaxillaries and mandible 

 are whitish, all but the first usually showing at least some pig- 

 ment. The cheeks and iris are silvery with a trace of iridescence 

 on the former and of bronze on the latter. The proximal one- 

 third of the fins is often pale pinkish. The distal two-thirds is 

 whitish except on the dorsal and caudal, on which it is more or 

 less suffused with blackish. The anterior border of the dorsal 



