6 University of Michigan 



Head deep and hea\'y, the contour straight from occiput to 

 tip of snout. Length of head, 3.35 (3.35 to 3.5, in male para- 

 types; 3.65 to 3.85 in females) ; length of snout, 3.4 (3.4 to 

 3.6, males; 3.3 to 3.5, females) ; length of eye, 3.6 (3.4 to 3.7, 

 males; 3.6 to 4.0, females); width of slightly convex inter- 

 orbital, 2.3 (2.2 to 2.4, each sex). Mouth Avide, transverse, 

 the width of the cleft about equal to length of snout ; mandible 

 heavy, but flexible; broadly projecting beyond the premaxil- 

 laries. Teeth of two kinds, an outer row of incisors and an 

 inner series of small villiform teeth. The incisors are dilated 

 and bifid distally, and are movable ; as in atripinnis, the teeth 

 of the outer row are crowded into a biserial arrangement, 

 alternating in their insertion. Gill-rakers short and flat, the 

 longest only one-third as long as the eye ; 24 to 26 gill-rakers 

 on the first arch (40 to 45 in atripinnis). Intestines long and 

 much convoluted. Viviparous, the largest females containing 

 small embryos. 



Fins all of decidedly greater expanse in the male than in 

 the female. The dorsal especially broad and elevated in the 

 male, reaching when depressed to the first of the procurrent 

 caudal rays ; in the female reaching little more than two-thirds 

 as far. Height of anal more than half length of head in male, 

 less than half head in female ; length of pectoral 1.4 in head 

 in male, 1.6 in female; pelvic reaching anus in male; not so 

 far in female. Fin-rays: dorsal, 13; anal, 14 or 15 (in each 

 sex) ; the first 6 anal rays unbranched and shortened in the 

 male. 



Scales large, in 35 (32 to 36, numerous paratypes) series 

 from above branchial aperture to caudal base (34 to 38, in 

 atripinnis; 39 or more in luitpoldi) ; in 14 (13 to 16) rows 

 from pelvic base up to mid-dorsal line. 



Color of type (adult male) : very dark; sides of body black- 

 ish brown, the dark color extending farthest downward above 

 anus; the caudal peduncle, black; scale margins everywhere 

 light; back of trunk lighter; belly and edges of caudal 

 peduncle, light ; top of head black ; upper half of operclc black, 

 lower half silvery. Dorsal fin blackish at base, grading to 



