BY WALTER E. ROTH, M.R.C.S., B.A., OXON. 68 



The former was first of all wound round the head once or twice, 

 and the hair turned up, then another circle or two, and more 

 hair turned up, until at last the whole of the hair was fixed in 

 the form of an upstanding tuft. He would now consider himself 

 suitably dressed to make a start from camp. 



The wife used to paint herself on similar lines, especially 

 if they were a happy couple, and they shared each other's joys 

 and sorrows. 



The grease-paint, in addition to serving a decorative pur- 

 pose, was useful in keeping away the ants, sandflies, and other 

 insects. The renewal of the painting process depended greatly 

 upon the supply of the ochre itself, and whether for the purpose 

 of paying a visit to another camp, they were desirious of 

 appearing at their best. It was not done every day, but if 

 tbey were young men and fancied themselves, they would renew 

 it as often as the inclination took them. 



Raised scars, " keloids," or " flash " marks were always to be 

 seen in the males on the breast and arms, sometimes on the 

 back and shoulders, but never on the thighs. On the chest 

 they were each about 2 ins. long, lying in horizontal rows one 

 below the other as far down as the pit of the stomach. Austin 

 observed the scars to be originally made as small scratches, 

 and into each saw them rub " dirt," the particular nature 

 of which he omitted to enquire about. The women were not 

 so strongly marked in front. The keloids here lay rather 

 in between the two breasts, and reached below as far as the 

 navel. 



They wore a cloak, bo-ka, made of kangaroo hide (some- 

 times with a collar some 5 ins. or 6 ins. deep, which fell over) 

 hanging to just below the knee, and shorter in front than be- 

 hind. It was worn with the hairy side in, and was coloured on 

 the outside with the wil-gi. It was made of some seven 

 or eight gores (Plate V., rUj. h), wider below than above, each pre- 

 pared from a skin by pegging it out, preparing with ashes, scraping 

 with quartz, and then thoroughly greasing until perfectly soft. The 

 separate gores were sewn together, either with kangaroo tail 

 sinew, or else with rushes, the separate holes for their insertion 

 being made with a piece of pointed bone (Plate V., fig. c). 

 The ends of the cloak, which was worn differently in the 

 two sexes (Plate V., fig. </), were fixed together at the top 

 of the right shoulder by means of a toggle and grummet 



