168 AUSTRALIAN WOODBORING COSSIDAE 



are below the anal flap, and basal setae are on the anal claspers. 

 The abdoiTiinal feet have a single row of hooks, the interspace 

 being pear-shape. In addition to the typical tubercles described, 

 the intersegmental area of pro-meso-post- thorax carries two 

 minute setae one below the other, a little below the subdorsal 

 pair of thoracic setae in position. On the abdominal segments 

 a minute seta is placed on the anterior margin longitudinally 

 in line with the posterior trapezoidal tubercle ; it appears to be 

 frequently turned under out of sight by contraction of the 

 segments, 



E. wacleai/i—" Scott." (Plate VII, figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.) 

 Larvae varying in length from 47 mm. to 67 mm. have 

 been examined, and are identical as regards structure, and we 

 especially noted the scutellar spicules were so. Head brown, 

 scutellum anterior area brown, with middorsal and lateral areas 

 black, general colour of body dirty pale brown, with pinkish 

 lateral flanges, blackish spiracles, brown legs, and abdominal 

 feet. 



Shape : Viewed dorsally is robust, uniform except that the 

 subdorsal tubercles of mesothorax protrude conspicuously ; 

 viewed laterally meso and post thorax are smaller than abdominal 

 segments, which latter are produced to prominent humps on the 

 middorsal outline (as the preceding species) ; 8 and 9 are without 

 humps ; 10 has a pair of postero dorsal horns — distinct chitinous 

 (not fleshy) processes curved backwards. 



Structure : Head freely striate, clypeus with straight sutures 

 having two setae one before other at lower corners ; ocelli four, 

 in fairly close crescent, one lower, another near and below 

 antenna ; jaws dentate ; maxillae short and stout with one 

 palpus developed. 



Prothorax : scutellum slopes (as in preceding species) 

 upward and backward from the small caput, the anterior half 

 striate transversely, posterior area covered with chitinous 

 spicules of which three of the largest are in line, considerably in 

 front of the others ; these spicules are hollow protuberances 

 (shown by dissection of the thorax) as much so as cow's 

 horn, they are somewhat irregular in size, more numerous 

 and more minute towards the outer and posterior edges of 

 scutellum. The larger spicules are invariably blunt at the 

 top, the smaller ones intermixed are sharp pointed. The 

 function of the scutellar spicules is evidently to act as a saw or 

 rasp upon the wood of the tree, thereby assisting the work of 



