709 



sistino- of molecules M and ,1/^, then it is clear that as we have 

 assigned tliret'. positive charges to every atom as ion, the molecules 

 M Ch and M^Cig will be formed on solution of this metal in hy- 

 drochloric acid. The solid salt which may be separated from this 

 solution will also contain both kinds of molecules, and in the state 

 of internal equilibrium in a ratio which is entirely determined by 

 7^ and P. Let us now suppose that this salt is reduced with hydrogen 

 at a temperature as low as possible, then when the temperature is 

 too low for the setting in of the internal equilibrium of the mole- 

 cules M and M^, a metal will form, which as far as internal con- 

 centration is concerned, may differ very much from the metal as 

 we know it. If the obtained metal relatively contains more simple 

 molecules than in the state of internal equilibrium, it will contain 

 a greater reactive [)Ower, because probably an association will be 

 generally attended with a decrease of chemical activity. 



In this way perhaps the pyrophoric phenomenon will have to be 

 explained, which has already been observed for different metals, and 

 which disappears again when the metal is heated at higher temperature. 



I have now briefly indicated the different directions in which for 

 some time the metals have been studied in my laboratory. 



SUMMARY. 



In this paper the theory of allotropy was applied to the electro- 

 motive equilibrium between metal and electrolyte, in which it appeared 

 that a metal exhibiting the phenomenon of allotropy, and consequently 

 composed of different kinds of molecules (different in degree of asso- 

 ciation), immersed in an electrolyte, will emit different kinds of ions. 

 By means of this it could be demonstrated that the unary electro- 

 motive equilibrium belongs to the A,.i'-figure of a pseudo-system, 

 which system might be realized foi' the case that the different kinds 

 of metal molecules and ions could not be transformed into each other 

 e.g. by the presence of a negative catalyst. 



The application of this new view to the phenomenon of electrolysis 

 led to the following results. 



In the first place it could be made clear that and why with electro- 

 lytic metal deposition in many cases not the stable hut the metastalde 

 phase will be obtained. In the second place the theory showed that 

 when the internal transformations under negative catalytic influences 

 fail to appear or are impeded, the metal that is made to dissolve 



