769 



The difTei-ences are at most '/looo of the values themselves, mostly 

 however much smaller, and for tlie large volumes they are even of 

 the order of i to iOO.OOO. The mean error may safely be put at no 

 more than one to 10.000, an accuracy which is certainly not reached 

 for other sources of error in these measurements. Of course the values 

 directly give only the volumes at the temperature and the pressure 

 of the gauging. For other temperatures and pressures corrections must 

 be applied, which we shall discuss in one of the following papers. 



Amsterdam. Physical Laboratori/ of the Univeraity. 



Geology. — "ElepJias antiquum Falc. from the river Waal near 

 yi/meyen."* By Dr. L. Rutten. (Communicated by Prof. Dr. 

 A. Wichmaisn). 



The dredging-works in the river Waal in the neighbourhood of 

 Nijmegen have brought to light already many a finding of diluvial 

 mammals. 



By much (he greater part of the bones found belong — as indeed 

 nearly all remains of mammals dredged from our rivers — either 

 to animals of the mammoth fauna^) or to animals of the postglacial 

 fauna. 



An exception to this rule is the fragment of a molar of Elep/ias 

 mericUonalis from the river Waal near Nijmegen, -) and this finding 

 proved that in the sub-soil of the neighbourhood of Nijmegen also 

 pliocene deposits must be found. 



Mr. G. M. Kam of Nijmegen, who collects with laudable ardour 

 all remains of mammals that are found in the neighbourhood of 

 this town, showed me a short time ago a number of newly found 

 t3'pical molars of Elephas primigenius Blum, aiid moreover a molar 

 belonging doubtlessly to El. aiitiquus Falc, and which had been 

 dredged from the river Waal, as were likewise the mammoth teeth. 



Though the great stratigraphical vabie formerly ascribed to Elephas 

 antiquiis, has somewhat depreciated, because it is supposed from later 

 discoveries that the antiquiis-ïuwwsi and the primiyenius-fuHna, differ 

 more facially than stratigraphically from each other, ') it seems 

 however that, for our country, the rare fossils that are known of 

 the antiguus-ïnuna are older than the remains of the primi</e?iii(s- 

 fauna. 



') L. Rutten. Die diluvialeii Saugelicre der Niederlande. Diss. Utrecht, 1909. 

 ^) L. Rutten. ibid., p. 15 — 16. 



3) A.o. W. SoERGEL. Elephas trogontliciii Pohl. und Elephas autiquiis Falc. 

 Palaeontographica. LX. 1912. 



