1110 



Physics. — " TJif e (feet oj tonperdture and transverse magnetisation 

 on the continuoKS-current resistance of cnjstaUized antiinoni/.'' 

 By Dr. W. J. de Haas. Coininunifation from the BosscHA-labo- 

 ratorj. (Communicated by Prof, dv Bois). 



(Communicated in Itie meeting of March 28, 1914). 



Introduction. There exists an exteiisixe literature on the effect of 

 transverse magnetisation on the electric conductivity of different 

 metals and metalloids. We may divide these into three groups i.e. 



1. ferromagnetic, 2. paramagnetic, o. diamagnetic substances. Other 

 phenomena also suggest this grouping. 



As to our effect, the substances mentioned in section J show 

 distinctl}' measurable changes in the resistance. Those mentioned 

 in sect. 2 however have been less investigated and until now giv^e 

 only exceedingly small effects ^), the nature of which is very difficult 

 to determine. In contrast with the HAi,L-effect, the ferromagnetic and 

 diamagnetic substances show in our case a change in the resistance 

 whicii is dependent on the direction of the field. For ferromagnetic 

 substances a decrease and an increase of the resistance have been 

 observed, while also the sign is dependent on the temperature'') at 

 least for Swedish iron. 



By far the most measurements have been made with conglomerates. 



The diamagnetic substances on the contrary- always show an 

 increase of resistance with the temperature, not a change of this 

 increase into a decrease. The curves, which represent the resistance 

 as a function of the field have all the same character ; sometimes 

 the effect is very large. For example for bismuth in a field of 

 37 K.G. at — 19b°C. R'IR=2Z0') and at hydrogen temperatures 

 in a field of 17 K.G. 7?'//^ = 380 ^), while for graphite in a field 

 of 40 K.G. and at the temperature of liquid hydrogen 7^7^ = ^30^). 

 Until now the diamagnetic elements have been investigated ; bismuth ^), 

 antimony '\ carbon ^) tellurium ^) gold ^"), silver "), copper ^-), zinc ^^) 

 lead^"), cadmium^"), mercury ^^). 



1) L. Grunmach and F. Weidert, Ann d. Phys. 22, p. 141, 1907. 



2) H. Kamerlingh Onnes and B. Beckman, Gomm. Leiden 12 W. 132ft, 1912. 

 ») H. Du Bois and A. P. Wills, Verh. d. D. Phys. Ges. 1. p. 169, 1899. 



M H. Kamerlingh Onnes, Gomm. Leiden, 12 N'. 129, 1912. 



5) D. E. Roberts, Ann. d. Phys. 40, p. 453, 1913 



6) V. G. Blake, Ann. d. Phys. 28, p. 449, 1909. 



6) 10) i2j 16) Y{. Kamerlingh O^snes and Bengt Beckman, Gomm. Phys. Labor. 

 Leiden 12 W. 129, 130, 1912. 



''') A, V. Ettingshausen, Wien. Akad. Ber. 59, p. 714, 1887. 



Ph. Lenard, Wied. Ann. 39, p. 637, 1890. 

 10) 11) 12) 13) u) 15) L. Grunmach and F. W^eidert, loc. cit. 

 15) 13) 8, 16) 12) 10) 11) J. Patterson Phil Mag. (6) 3, p. 643, 1902. 

 9) 15) 13) 10) G. W. Heaps, Phil. Mag. (6), 24, p. 813, 1912, VI. 22, p. 900. 1911. 

 8) 13) 15) s. C. Laws, Phil. Mag. (6; 19, p. 694, 1910. 



