24 ON BOVINE PLEURO PNEUMONIA ; 
loss to the stockowners of Queensland of £480,000, or say half-a- 
million. This isa loss they can ill afford, and taken with the 
losses by drought of late years, it will in some measure account for 
the decrease in the numbers of our cattle, which are less now than 
they were in 1881, by many hundreds of thousands. The 
droughts we cannot help, but may lessen their effects. The loss 
by pleuro we can avoid in time, and should make it our continual 
study to cause experiments and investigations to be carried on 
until a practical remedy can be applied in the manner here 
indicated. It has been noticed that the first attack in a herd is 
always the worst, whick leads many to imagine that the disease is 
gradually weakening or dying out; and that in time it will be 
exterminated without any provision being made for hastening its 
departure. ‘The fact that it is weakening is encouraging, but we 
have such strong evidence of the latent force of the germs of this 
disease, that it would be worse than folly to wrap ourselves in the 
delusion that we have nothing to do but wait. It is a fact that 
in some large herds, no signs of pleuro will exhibit themselves for 
years while on the run; but as soon as they same cattle are sent 
on the roads, the malady developes itself, and sometimes with 
deadly effect ; so much so that drovers are held exempt and 
irresponsible for losses through pleuro. 
The disease is well understood now in all its stages : 
1st. The symptoms of fever, sluggishness, disinclination to 
feed, hanging of the head and ears, and a generally 
disordered appearance that tells a person accustomed to 
stock, that the animal is not altogether right 
2nd. The first symptoms present themselves in a more 
aggravated form,—the beast is very much inclined to 
stand still under a tree by itself, mopes and protrudes its 
head—frequenting groaning as if in pain, especially when 
it coughs, which is dry, hard, and sharp ; a stiffness and 
heaving of the sides and falling away in condition very 
fast. 
3rd. Generally the last stage, the cough seems to have 
subsided, but the beast still remains by itself with its 
back arched, and will frequently charge when ap- 
proached ; the eye is sunken, and a melancholy look 
apparent; a discharge from the nose; while one side 
seems swollen, as in hoven, and there is every indication 
that death is not far off. A fost mortem examination 
at this stage will show frequently that one lung is almost 
