50 
The early records are fragmentary. In Fitch’s Reports are 
found records of 1865, 1848, and reference to 1831 and 1814, or 
even earlier citation from earlier observers. In addition to these 
dates, which refer to only a single “ brood,” there are other 
“locust years’ which have been no less carefully recorded. It 
should be stated that there are no less than five rather distinct 
broods of this insect within the state, occurring at periodic times 
and in different localities. This occurrence of “ broods ” within 
limited localities whose period is just as invariable as the other 
adds an additional difficulty to that noted above. No less than 
twenty of these have been definitely recognized within the limits 
of the United States, members of the same brood occurring at 
remote localities at the same time, a fact somewhat difficult of 
explanation. Of these the following come within the state: 
Brood VIII, Which seems chiefly distributed in the region 
of Long Island; its last occurrence being in 1889. 
Brood XII, is chiefly eastern in its distribution, ranging 
from Albany down the Hudson to Staten and Long Islands; last 
occurrence 1894. 
Brood XVII, chiefly in the region of Westchester and Staten 
Island, 1898. 
Brood XX, chiefly in western New York, and apparently 
somewhat doubtful, due to occur in 1900. 
Brood XXII, chiefly western part of the state, chiefly about 
Niagara and adjacent counties. 
The brood under consideration here, known as XIX, is a 
~ comparatively small one and chiefly limited to this state, ranging 
from Onondaga county westward including Livingston, Madi- 
son, Monroe, and Ontario counties. 
Its appearance in our vicinity was noted about May 25th, in 
comparatively small numbers at first, becoming quite abundant 
about June 1oth, after which the numbers rapidly diminished, the 
insect being attacked by numerous enemies, English sparrows, 
blackbirds, robins, etc., and also by certain fungi, many speci- 
mens being found literally alive with fungoid filaments and 
spores, probably the same as pointed out long ago by Leidy and 
described by Professor Peck of Albany as Massospora cicadina. 
