()6 



or wliite all over, the genera in question show a well marked antl 

 regular design of black markings on a light background. Yet the 

 majority of these pupae certainly live under nearly similar circum- 

 stances as those of their relations, i. e. concealed in the eai'th, in 

 cocoons or between leaves. 



It is worth remarking that precisely the (Jhaerocampinae do not 

 hide in the eaith for the object of pupation, as many other Sphingidae 

 do, but remain on the surface and there construct a coarse cocoon 

 of small lumps of earth glued together with threads. 



In the same way many Geometridae do not pupate inside the 

 earth, but above it; their tissue often being so loose, (hat the pupa 

 may be seen inside. I suppose that this may be the cause of the 

 colour-markings on these pupae persisting, whei-eas those on their 

 near allies have disappeared by obliteration in consequence of total 

 (iarkness. 



Yet the Chaerocampa-pupae in so far undoubtedly show the 

 influence of their concealed habitat, as their markings not only are 

 variable in the highest degree, but also show a marked tendency 

 to obliteration. In this respect they agi'ee with the primordial design 

 on the imaginal wings inside the pupal shealli, and also with the 

 maculated pattern of those buttertly-pupae, in which the original 

 colour-mosaic is replaced by a sympathetic general hue, e.g. the 

 uniformly green pupae of Pleris napi, on which the identical 

 spots as on P. brassicne, may easily be detected though much 

 smaller and less sharp than on the latter (comp. van Bkmmelkn, 

 PhylogenetivSche Bedeutung der Puppen-Zeichnung, and Schierbeek : 

 The significance of the setal pattern in caterpillars and its phylogeny). 



Therefore though the colour-design of tlie Chaerocampa-pupae 

 shows deep traces of obliteration, it nevertheless is clear, that this design 

 is founded on the same groundplan as that of butterflies. In my just- 

 mentioned paper I have proposed a system of names (comp. fig. 6 

 on p. 115), according to which seven chief ranges of spots might 

 be distinguished, called by me the dorsal, dorsolateral, epistigmal, 

 stigmal, hypostigmal, ventrolateral and ventral rows of spots. In his 

 essay Dr. Schib^rbeek has pointed out, th^lt the names of W. Muller 

 and Weismann, who use the expressions supra- and infrastigmal, 

 have priority. 



These rows of spots may all be met again on the pupae of sundry 

 species of Chaerocampa as well as on those of Deilephila (e. g. 

 euphorbia and elpenor) in various degrees of clearness and 

 completeness. 



No less striking than this correspondence i)i colour-design between 



