425 



A distinct lyotropia Na <^ K <^ Am was establislied ; ') to a certain 

 extent also Mg <] Ca <; Ba ? The increase of charge tlirongh alkali- 

 earths was, in lower concentrations, lower than that of alkalis. It 

 was somewhat difficnit to determine the charge becanse the solntions 

 of the acetates of the alkali-earths of themselves impart a weak 

 charge to a screen placed in the nebnia. Magnesinm again occnpied 

 the same peculiar place that it took up in the case of salicylic acid, 



TABLE III. 

 Strengthening influence of Cations on the charge of acetic acid (0.1 normal). 



Factor increasing the deflection of the electroscope, when instead of 0.1 n. acetic 

 acid being sprayed alone, 0.1 n. acetic acid is sprayed with addition of the acetate 

 of the subjoined alkalis and alkali-earths. 

 (NaCl as a control). 



') Charge of these acetates: 0.01—0.02 n. charges 0.4-0.7; 0.002 n. charges 

 0—0.2 scaledivision. 



Charge of NaCl and of the alkali acetate = 0. The increase of the charge of 

 the alkali-earths is not greater than that of the alkalis; in weak concentrations 

 (0.002— 0.005 n) even smaller. 



it was almost equal to sodium, its action was decidedly weaker 

 than that of potassium and ammoniunj, and it also here constituted 

 the transition from alkalis to alkali-earths. The lyotropia of the 

 anions appeared to be more intense and more general than that of 



^) In another set o." experiments with alkali chlorids the series Li < Na, K < Rb, 

 < Gs < Am was obtained. 



