427 



the cations (Tal)le 4). It is evident that chloride takes up the lowest 



place in the series of anions, citrate stands at the top: 



CI < CNS, NO3 < Br, J < C^HgO, < Tartr. < Pliospli. < Suiph. < (Jitr. 



This series of anions ditfers only vevy little from that of salicylic 

 acid . 



With acetic acid as well as with salicylic acid the differences 

 between the extreme terms of the lyotrope series appear to he larger 

 with the anions than with the cations. 



SUM M A R Y. 



1. Salicj/lic arid, if not in a completely saturated solution, gives 

 a negative charge, that is weakened by catiojis and anions in a 

 lyotrope-series, in the direction from Li to (Js and from chloride to 

 sulphate. 



2. Acetic acid, when dissolved in water in a sufficient concen- 

 tration, gives <i positive c/unye increased by cations and anions, for 

 the greater part in a lyotrope-series in the direction from Li to Cs 

 and from Chloride to Sulphate. 



3. Acetic acid weakens, resp. arrests, the negative charge of 

 salicylic acid. -In higher concentrations with a positive electrical 

 phase it prevails, as an acid, ovei' salicylic acid spr^.yed in weak 

 solutions, which gives a negative charge. As appeared already sub. 1, 

 acetates also have a weakening effect on the charge of salicylic 

 acid, whereas, of themselves — at all events the alkali-acetates (the 

 acetates of the other metals give a very slight charge) — they 

 produce no charge. 



Mixtures of salicylic acid showed the electrical property of acetic 

 acid, so long as the latter acid predominates. If the concentration 

 of acetic acid iji the salicylic-acid acetic acid mixture decreases to 

 such an extent that such an acetic-acid solution gives of itself hardly 

 any chai'ge at all, the charge of the mixture will at one moment 

 be :=0; in still lower concentrations of acetic-acid the charge 

 appears again, this time of a negative sign. There is a moment 

 when the favourable action of the cations on the acetic acid is 

 arrested by the iidiibilory effect of these cations on the salicylic 

 acid. 



