569 



equilibria to the Volta-effect the re«iill was oblaiiied that on polari- 

 sation and passivation the change in the Volta-eftect must be great 

 according to this tfieorj, and that in these phenomena the Volta- 

 effect would even constitute the greatest part of the total change 

 in the electromotive force. It was further pointed out that if the 

 Volta-effects between metals in which the state of internal equili- 

 brium prevails, sliould be really verj' small, on which the opinions 

 are still divided, but which has, indeed, become probable by the 

 experiments made of late, this would have to be considered accord- 

 ing to the theory as a very characteristic property for metals in 

 the state of intei-nal equilibrium. 



As in principle the Volta-effect at any rate in the given theory 

 of the electromotive equilibria may not be neglected, it was here 

 taken into account. The quantities that are found on measurement 

 of potential differences metal-electrolj te, and which are here called 

 experimental electrical potentials, always contain an unknown Volta- 

 effect, which is the cause that from the said potentials the saturation 

 concentrations of the metal ions (resp. the "Lösungstensionen") 

 cannot be calculated. 



The newly derived relations, in which the soluhiliti/ product of 

 the metal, the .solubiliti^ quotient of the non-metal resp. the electron 

 concentration in the electrolyte occurs, do not contain the Volta- 

 effect, however, and enable us to draw up a, soluhiliti/- prodnct-óeries 

 of metals, and a solubility-quotient-series of metalloids, as has indeed 

 already been done, from which conclusions can be drawn about the 

 chemical and electrochemical behaviour of the elements. 



Amsterdam, (jrenerat and Anorg. Chem. Laboratory 



Sept. 1918. of the University. 



