( 472.) 
a. the catalyzer is situated closely to the place where the conden- 
sation takes place, which is the case in all syntheses of ketones, 
sulphones ete from the corresponding acid chlorides, where it is 
linked to the carbonyl {sulphuryl) group, for instance: 
CH,COCIAICI, + C,H, = CH,COC,H, AlCl, + HCl 
(Recueil XIX p. 20). 
Presumably, this ought to include the syntheses of GATTERMANN, 
B 1897 p. 1622, where the aromatic aldehydes are constructed from 
CO and HCl and the amides of the aromatic carboxylic acids are 
‘obtained from carbamine chloride (Cl CO NH,) B. 1899 p. 1117. 
4. the aluminium chloride is combined to the chloride but not 
near the place where the condensation occurs, for instance : 
AICI,p.NO,C,H,CH,Cl + C,H, = AlCl,p.NO,C,H,CH,C,H, + HCI 
(Recueil XXIII p. 103), 
the catalyzer is here combined to the nitro-group. 
UL The aluminium chloride combines with the benzene derivative 
(B) and not or with great difficulty, with the chloride (A). 
In this case, the benzene-group which has combined with the 
catalyzer may increase (a) or diminish (/) the activity of the other 
H-atoms. 
a. In the first case although the reaction may take place it will 
be much retarded. 
Anisole, for instance, which yields a well-defined additive product 
with aluminium chloride hardly reacts at the ordinary temperature 
with carbon tetrachloride; the chlorine atoms of this chloride do 
not, apparently, get under the influence of the combined catalyzer. 
Benzyl chloride, which acts very violently on benzene, attacks 
anisole so slowly that the velocity of the reaction could be measured 
at the ordinary temperature. (H. Goxpscumipr, Central-Blatt 1903 
II p. 820). 
h. In the second case, the reaction does not take place. Nitro- 
benzene, aceto- and benzophenone, sulphobenzide ete. do not suffer 
condensation with carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chlo- 
ride, sulphur chloride ete. by means of aluminium chloride. 
IV. The aluminium chloride unites both with the chloride (A) 
and the benzene derivative (B). In this case it will depend chiefly 
on the influence of the groups present in the benzene whether the 
condensation takes place or not. 
Whilst nitrobenzene cannot be acetylised or benzoylised, the nitro- 
anisoles may be converted into the corresponding acetyl compounds. 
One does not succeed in introducing a second acetyl group into 
acetophenone, but on the other hand m-xylene, mesytilene, sym. 
