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occasioned through the presence, in their vital fluids, as parasites, 

 of incalculable numbers of the lowest and most minute forms of 

 vegetable life, which are distinguished by the name of Bacteria, 

 or Bacilli. Many of these disease organisms have been success- 

 fully cultivated in biological laboratories, and, as has been 

 demonstrated by those schools of research, of which M. Pasteur 

 and Dr. Koch are the respective founders, these parasitic 

 organisms are capable, under such conditions, of complete extir- 

 pation, or of such modification or attenuation, that they can be 

 utilized for the purposes of inoculation, as in the case of vaccina- 

 tion for small-pox, the cattle thus inoculated being effectively 

 protected from further fatal attacks of the disease. To rightly 

 comprehend the true nature or physiological phenomena of this 

 class of diseases and their effective treatment, the student has to 

 make himself familiar with the external aspects and vital pheno- 

 mena, not only of the specific form producing the disease, but 

 of an extensive series of the minute vegetable organisms belong- 

 ing, or allied to, the same order. Other diseases affecting live 

 stock, such as those producing what is known as " staggers," 

 and liver-fluke in sheep, are due to the presence of endo-parasitic 

 worms, traceable in most instances to causes that can be effectu- 

 ally controlled, but involving the knowledge of an altogether 

 distinct biological group. Various other diseases, such as the 

 form of mange with which the horses of this colony have been 

 seriously affected within recent years, require to be more exten- 

 sively investigated and understood before an effective antidote 

 can be prescribed. The disease just mentioned, represents but 

 one out of a number, that at the present day specially invite the 

 patient research of the biological expert. 



Among the numerous organic types that engage the attention of 

 the university student, in his laboratory course, are those which 

 pertain to marine aquatic life. fSo important is a knowledge of this 

 biological section, that in connection with many of the European 

 and American universities special seaside laboratories, of either 

 a stationary or transportable construction, have been established 

 for the express purpose of providing alvanced students with 



