CLASSIFICATION OF ACTINIARIA 269 



to them. There are no acrorhagi, but there is a well-marked margin or 

 collar. Tentacles simple, may be long and large, their longitudinal 

 muscle ectodermal or with occasional anastomosis. Sphincter absent 

 or very weak diffuse. Strong retractors. As a rule the mesenteries are 

 all or mostly perfect and fertile, chrectives may be sterile ; more rarely 

 only twelve pairs perfect. Brood-pouches sometimes occur in the females. 

 The tentacles and mesenteries may run in eights or tens, &c., as well as 

 sixes. 



;s : 

 C. aurantiaca, D. Uh., 1825, p. 438. (See Andres, 1883, p. 455 ; 



Pax, 1907, p. 22.) 

 C. passiflora, D. and M., 1866, p. 31. (See Pax, 1910, p. 171 ; 



McMurrich, 1889. ' Jomn. Morph.') 

 C. georgiana, Pfeff., 1889, p. 15. (See Carlgren, 1899, p. 13.) 

 C. kerguelensis, Studer, 1878, p. 524. (See Pax, 1907, p. 32.) 

 C. erythrosoma, H. and E., 1832, p. 257. (See Pax, 1907, p. 30.) 

 ?C. cruentata, Dana, 1849, Syn. p. 8, pro parte. (See 



Carlgren, 1899, p. 10 ; Pax, 1907, p. 26 ; McMurrich, 1893 and 



1904 ; and Clubb, 1908, p. 2.) 



There is a certain amount of ambiguity about this genus, 

 or about the way in which it has been understood. Some forms 

 have been split off from it and estabhshed under the separate 

 name Parantheopsis, and these (P. cruentata and 

 P . o c e 1 1 a t a) seem to have acrorhagi of some sort, and on 

 account of this and their lack of sphincter they stand half-way 

 between C o n d y 1 a c t i s and B u n o d a c t i s . Por C o n d y - 

 lac t is is essentially a genus with smooth collar and no 

 acrorhagi ; and B u n o d a c t i s is wide enough in its limits 

 already, without the inclusion of sphincterless forms. To avoid 

 too great a fusion of genera it is perhaps wisest to retain three : 

 Condylactis for forms with smooth collar and no acrorhagi 

 or appreciable sphincter ; Parantheopsis for such as have 

 vertical rows of verrucae and also acrorhagi but little or no 

 sphincter: and Bunodactis for those which have vertical 

 rows of verrucae, usually acrorhagi, and some sort of sphincter — 

 this may, admittedly, be weak, but typically is circumscribed. 

 It seems possible that two distinct species have been described 

 and confused under the name cruentata ; the descriptions 

 rather suggest this, and that one of the two is a Condylactis 



