CLASSIFICATION OF ACTINIARIA 289 



Family 8. Phymanthidae. 



Phymanthiclae as used by Carlgreii, 1 900, p. GG. 

 Phymanthidae, Andres, as used by Duerden, 1900, p. 188. 

 Including Thelaceridae, Mitchell, 1890. 



Endoniyaria with definite but sometimes reduced and half-physa- 

 like base, which is more usually, however, well developed. Form of 

 body variable. Cinclides may be present. Verrucae usually present. 

 No sphincter or only a trace. Tentacles of two sorts, marginal and 

 discal. Marginal tentacles in cycles in the usual way, rarely smooth, 

 usually with greater or less development of paired lateral swellings or 

 outgrowths, which may be simple or ramified, insignificant or conspicuous. 

 Oral disc with short papilliform or not much developed tentacles as a rule 

 — they are occasionally absent ; when present they may be connected 

 with endocoels only, or with both endo- and exocoels. Mesenteries 

 typically with well-developed retractors, which in the best cases are 

 circumscribed. A good many mesenteries are perfect. 



Genus : P ii y m a n thus. 



Phymanthus, M. Edw., 1857. 



Thelaceros, Mitchell 1890. 



Phymanthidae. Base variable, from well develojied to small or 

 reduced and capable of being half like a physa. Form of body variable- — 

 may be trumpet shaped or almost Halcampa-like, and so on. C/in- 

 clides may be present near the base. Upper part of body with verrucae, 

 which may occur in vertical rows ; they may attach foreign bodies ; 

 they may be insignificant. Margin crenulated or jirovided with acro- 

 rhagi which may even be somewhat compound ; rarely no verrucae or 

 acrorhagi ; there may be a fosse. Marginal tentacles (arrangement may 

 be hexamerous or octamerous) smooth (rarely) or provided with feebly 

 or strongly developed lateral, usually paired, swellings, which may 

 be merely low knobs or may amount to short ramified branches ; they 

 may meet across the oral face of the tentacle ; and grades between their 

 presence and absence are found. Discal tentacles usually sessile out- 

 growths of the cUsc ; they may resemble the marginal tentacles in 

 miniature, or may be merely papilliform, or even scarce, reduced, or 

 absent (see Part II, Text-fig. 14, h). The whole disc may become some- 

 what folded. The mesenteries are a good many of them perfect, and the 

 stronger ones have usually strong retractors, sometimes diffuse but at 

 their best circumscribed (see Part II, Text-fig. 4, e) ; the older ones 

 or all of them fertile, save sometimes the directives. Little or no sphinc- 

 ter. RacUal musculature of disc and tentacles ectodermal or with 



