DEVELOPMENT OF CHALCIDS 325 



body-fluids of the latter fill the midgut the hyperparasite is 

 tinged pale yellow. 



Intermediate Stages. 



The exact number of ecdyses of these Chalcids was not 

 determined. There is no marked change of form during 

 development, but the body becomes more globose, and the 

 head less conspicuous. The cephalic papillae do not disappear as 

 in Lygocerus, but persist until metamorphosis. The spiracles 

 on segments 7 and 8 become functional, and those on segment 3 

 open shortly afterwards. The ninth pair (on segment 10) 

 open as development proceeds, but the tenth pair are closed 

 until shortly before metamorphosis. 



The host dies a day or two after the Chalcid larva has begun 

 to feed, and decomposes rapidly. These hyperparasites 

 penetrate more deeply into the decaying tissues than do the 

 larvae of Lygocerus at the same stage. The larvae are also 

 more fragile and transparent, and are easily crushed or ruptured 

 when handled. 



The Full-grown Larva. 



Dimensions, 1-26 mm x -60 mm. 



The larva when fully fed is creamy white and opaque, 

 slightly curved, and with a smooth glabrous cuticle. The l^ody 

 tapers somewhat to the anus, and the segmentation is well 

 marked. The head bears a pair of conspicuous papillae, and 

 a pair of similar, though smaller, appendages are found on 

 the first segment. In addition, each segment from the first 

 to the fifth or sixth is furnished with one or two pairs of 

 minute spines (Text-fig. 5). 



The labrum and labium both bear palps, as do also the 

 maxillae. The mandibles are simple, and strongly chitinized, 

 though less massive than in Lygocerus (text-fig. 6). 



The ramifications of the tracheal system are more elaborate 

 than in the preceding stages, and the tenth spiracle (on seg- 

 ment 11) becomes functional. 



The internal structure is of the type usual among hymeno- 



