ANIMAL CHLOROPHYLL 385 



that it is the base from which the animal synthesizes many other 

 of its pigments, including haematin. 



6. The red lipochrome of the blood and the chromatophores 

 of crustaceans are derived from carotin, a pigment associated 

 with chlorophyll (found also in the liver). Carotin and the red 

 lipochrome of crustaceans are chemically identical (Verne). 



7. Many pigments of insects are modified chlorophylls derived 

 directly from the chlorophyll of the food (Poulton). 



8. The pigments of the tunicates are found first in the blood- 

 system. The pigmented cells arise, while in the circulation, 

 from unpigmented corpuscles, and certain of the pigment cells 

 which arise in this way are subsequently deposited in the test. 



9. Strong evidence exists that the respiratory pigment haemo- 

 globin is derived both phylogenetically and physiologically from 

 chlorophyll. 



I cannot close this paper without mentioning my great 

 indebtedness for advice and inspiration to Professor Benjamin 

 Moore whose recent untimely death will be most keenly felt 

 in America as well as in England. He more than any one has 

 helped to clarify the perplexing question of the relation which 

 chlorophyll bears to the protoplasmic system of plants and 

 animals. 



9. Bibliography. 

 The following list of references is for both Parts I and II 

 of the paper. 



Alsberg, C. L., and W. M. Clark (1914).—" The solubility of oxygen in the 

 serum of Limulus polyphemus and in solutions of pure L i m u 1 u s 

 haemocyanin ", ' Journ. Biol. Chem.', vol. 19, pp. 503-10. 



Bayliss, W. M. (1918).— ' Principles of General Physiology', 2nd ed. 

 London : Longmans, Green & Co., xxiv+858 pp. 



Berdez, J., und M. Nencki (1886). — " tjber die Farbstoffe der melanotischen 

 Sarkome ", ' Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm.', Bd. 20, pp. 346-61. 



Bert, M. P. (1867). — " Sur la physiologie de la Seiche (Sepia offici- 

 nalis)", ' C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris', tom. 65, pp. 300-3. 



Bertrand, G. (1897). — " Sur I'intervention du manganese dans les oxyda- 

 tions provoquees par la laccase ", ibid., Paris, tom. 124, pp. 1032-5. 



(1912). — "Sur le role capital du manganese dans la production des 



conidies de 1 ' Aspergillus niger", 'Bull. Soc. Chim. France', 

 torn. 11, pp. 495-9. Also 'C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris', torn. 154, pp. 381-3. 



