ALIMENTARY CANAL IN THE BEE 553 



Schonfeld. — " Die physiologische Bedeiitiing des Magenmundes der 

 Honigbiene ", ' Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol., Phys. Abt.", 1886. 



Snodgrass. — ' The Anatomy of the Honey Bee ', Washington, 1910. 



Swammerdam. — ' Bibel der Natur ', 1752. 



Thoni. — " Die Verwendiing der qiiantitativen Prazipitinreaktion bei 

 Honiguntersnchungen ", ' Mitteil. a. d. Gebiete d. Lebensmittehinter- 

 such. 11. Hygiene veroffentl. v. Schweiz. Gesundheitsamt ', 1912, vol. 3. 



Thresh. — " Notes on Trebizonde Honey ", ' The Pharm. Journal '; Transact. 

 1887-8, vol. 18. 



Valle, L. — ' Recherches sur les glandes des Dip teres ", Paris, 1900. 



Zander. — 'Der Ban der Biene', Stuttgart, 1911. 



Zarin (Sarin), E. — " Beitrage zur Chemie der Bildung und Reifung des 

 Bienenhonigs ", ' Acta Universitatis Latviensis ', i, 1921. 



" Einfluss organischer Sauren auf die Bildung und Reifung des 



Ho nigs ", ibid. 



EXPLANATION OP FIGUEES. 



General Meaning of Letters. 



ab, abdomen, an, anal aperture, b, bacteria, bg, connective tissue. 

 bl, vesicular evaginations from the surface of cells of the stomach epithelium, 

 c, chitinous cuticle, cb, suprapharyngeal nodules of the nerve-chain. 

 cd, chitinous cuticle of the siirface of the capitulum of the stomach valve. 

 cmf, muscle (Leidig's) columns, en, marginal chitinous fillet of rectal gland. 

 cp, head, d, protoplasm, da, alveolar layer of weakly staining protoplasm 

 under the chitinous cuticle of the rectal gland. di\, pharyngeal salivary 

 glands of the bee. dr.^, salivary glands of the head (Vorderkieferdriisen). 

 dr^, salivary glands of the thorax (Hinterkieferdriisen). ds, bacilliform 

 striated layer of protoplasm, ep, epithelium, g, granular contents of the 

 stomach, gr, granules and inclusions in the protoplasm, h, cavity of 

 rectal gland, i, crop, ia, fore-gut. ic, cavity of the crop, hn, mid-gut. 

 ip, hind-gut. it, small intestine, k, cr3rpts of the stomach, m, muscles. 

 m,i, transverse (circular) muscles, mo, longitudinal muscles, m^, longitu- 

 dinal exterior muscles of stomach valve, m.^, circular muscles of the crop. 

 TOg, longitudinal muscles of the crop, mb, basilary membrane, mf, mio- 

 fibrils. mp, Malpighian vessels, n, nucleus, nv, nerve, o, oesophagus. 

 p, peritrophic membrane, pc, lumen of stomach valve, ph, pharynx. 

 p7n, perimysium of muscles, r, rectum (large intestine), rg, rectal gland. 

 sn, syncytium in rectal gland, sp, sarcoplasm. th, thorax, tr, tracheae, 

 V, stomach, vc, its vacuole with secretion, wa, exterior wall of rectal 

 gland, wp, ' hairy ' margin of the epithelium of the stomach, z, margins 

 of the exterior wall of the rectal gland with tracheae between them. 



