PAPILI0N1H.K. 



Eurycus of Boisduval, and probably Leptocircus of Swainson, but excluding P. Pylades and two other species, of which 

 he formed the genus Zelima. In this he is followed by Latreille and Godart, the latter, however, incorporating the 

 Fabrician genus Zelima, and excluding the P. Curius of Fabricius, now the type of Leptocircus. 



Three years previous to the appearance of Godart's volume of the Encyelopedie Methodique, Hiibner, in his 

 Verzeichniss belannter Schmetterlinge, had divided the Fabrician genus Papilio into eighteen " Vereine," of which 

 the only one that can be considered generic is Troides ; this name, as has been already remarked, cannot be retained. 

 Swainson, in his Zooloqical Illustrations, next indicated various sections, to which he gave names, unfortunately 

 entirely inadmissible, from his adoption of specific for generic names. Two of his groups correspond to Ornithoptera 

 and Eurycus of Boisduval. 



The genus is here adopted precisely as limited by Boisduval ; for, though, from its great extent and the variety of 

 forms it comprises, it would be very desirable to subdivide it, " there does not exist a more compact or more natural 

 genus, or one which more entirely resists all attempt at division. There is no middle course, we must either leave it as 

 it is, or divide it into two scores of genera." * 



In the Papiliones the palpi are triarticulate, generally densely covered with scales and hairs, are closely applied to 

 the forehead, and but little, if at all, visible from above ; the terminal joints are very small. The antennae are more 

 or less elongate; the club gradually enlarged, and curved outwards. The thorax is robust; the prothorax less 

 developed than in Ornithoptera ; the abdomen less elongate, and more oval, than in that genus. 



The anterior wings are mostly triangular, the costal and outer margins being longer than the inner margin. They 

 are sometimes more rounded, elongate, or falcate, than what may be considered the typical form. They have a distinct 

 baseo-median nervule, and an upper disco-cellular of considerable length ; the subcostal nervure throws off two nervules 

 near together, about the middle of the cellf; the third exactly at the end of the cell; and the fourth about midway 

 between this and the apex. In P. Sarpedon, P. Agapenor, and their allies, and also in the small African group of 

 which P. Leonidas is the type, the first subcostal nervule, instead of running to the costa, below, and parallel to, the 

 costal nervure, runs immediately into this nervule ; a peculiarity which recurs in the Danai with green spotted wings, 

 so closely analogous to the last-named species. 



The posterior wings vary much in form, even in the same species, as, for instance, in P. Pammon, where the tail is 

 sometimes wanting in the males ; and in P. Memnon, where they are never caudate in the males, but not unfrequently 

 in the females have a spatulate tail. 



When not tailed, the outer margin is mostly rounded and dentate ; but sometimes, as in P. Sarpedon and its allies, 

 the wings have a triangular outline, sometimes an oval or ovate, as in P. Rhetenor and P. Elephenor. When tailed 

 they vary still more in form : the tails are sometimes short, obtuse, spatulate, or short and pointed, sometimes very long 

 and slender. Occasionally, as in P. Payeni and P. Evan, the whole wing is gradually produced into a tail; in general 

 there is merely a greater or less prolongation of one of the dentations. The group of which P. Grayii and P. Lenaeus are 

 a type have the posterior wings very similar in form to those of some species of Charaxes, and, like these, have the 

 costal margin of the anterior wings serrated ; a correspondence in structure analogous to that already noticed between 

 P. Leonidas and certain Danai. 



In P. Aidoneus the disco-cellular nervule, already very short in P. Minereus and its allies, is entirely wanting, the 

 cell being closed by the actual contact of the third subcostal and third median nervules. 



The legs are generally very robust, but there is considerable difference in this respect, The claws are simple, more 

 or less curved, generally equal, but in P. Triopas of unequal length. 



The Larvae differ materially in form, and, if ever we can gain tolerably complete information in regard to them, will 

 probably afford good characters for dividing the species into sections. The little we know of any, except those of 

 European species, is to be learned chiefly from the works of Stoll, Abbot, and Horsfield, and from the drawings of Abbot 

 and Hardwicke now in the British Museum. 



Those of P. Hector, Polydorus, &c, which, like those of Ornithoptera and Thais, live on Aristolochiaj, are dark- 

 coloured, have tubercles on each segment, disposed in rows, as in the larva' of those genera. From those of the former 

 genus they differ solely in not having the external sheath for the tentacula; from those of the latter in not having the 

 tops of the tubercles hairy. Those of P. Polymnestor, P. Pammon, P. Arjuna, P. Erectheus, P. Cresphontes, P. Troilus, 



Boisd. Sp. (it'ii. i. is;,. I One of these is wanting in P. Belleroplinti. 



