OALLIDRYAS. 



67 



The Perfect Insects appear in a few days after the change from the larva to the pupa state. They are rather 

 powerful and rapid in flight, are fond of settling on flowers, and the muddy banks of rivers and ponds. Sometimes 

 they congregate in countless myriads, forming vast yellow clouds. One of these clouds was seen by Sir Robert 

 Schomburgk on the 10th of October, 1838, when ascending the Essequibo, and continued crossing the course of the 

 river for nine hours and a half, during which time the boat had ascended nine miles. We have, therefore, a cloud nine 

 miles in width, and of such length, that, notwithstanding the rapidity of flight of the insects composing it, it was 

 nine hours and a half in crossing the river. It seems almost beyond our powers to compute the millions of which it 

 must have consisted. 



The predominating colour of the wings in most of the species is yellow or orange ; a few are of a chalky white 

 above, and of a greenish white below. The females differ very much from the males in colour ; and often, in the same 

 species, they vary so much as to have been considered quite distinct from one another, and from the males. Most of 

 the species have a silvery spot, surrounded with ferruginous, on the disc of the posterior wings below, in this respect 

 resembling; the genus Colias. 



The males of nearly all the species have the outer margin of the anterior wings covered above with scales of a very 

 different structure from those of the rest of the wing. Sometimes this border is narrow, sometimes it occupies the 

 whole outer half of the wings. The scales here are broader, curved, less closely placed, and, independently of their 

 curvature, are less closely appressed than on the basal part and the disc of the wing. Hence this part has a dull 

 chalky surface, and appears slightly elevated. 



In addition to this peculiarity the males often have an oval or rounded spot, composed of scales of a very 

 remarkable structure, situated on the upper surface of the posterior wings, between the costal and subcostal nervures, 

 near their origin ; and sometimes a corresponding spot on the lower surface of the anterior wings, between the median 

 and submedian nervules, near the base. Sometimes this spot is accompanied by a tuft of delicate hairs. In the genera 

 Nathalis, Gonepteryx, and Colias, a similar spot is found in the males of some species. Dr. Boisduval speaks of 

 it as " un sac glanduleux ;" but there is no sac, nor apparently any glandular structure. Its peculiar texture is due 

 solely to the form and structure of the scales, and to their being less closely appressed to the wing than usual. 



The Geographical Range of this genus extends throughout India and China, the islands of the Indian Ocean, 

 Australia, Tropical Africa, and America from Ohio to Chili. About half the species belong to the New World, 

 where they have a far wider range to the north than in the Old World. 



CALLIDRYAS Boisd. 



1. Call. Florella Boisd. Sp. Gen. i. 608. n. 2. (1836). 



P. Fl. Fab. Syst. Ent. 179- n. 179. (1775). 



Donovan, Nat. Rep. t. 90. (1825). 

 Colias Pyrene Swainson, Zool. III. 1st ser. t. 20. 

 (1820). 

 Senegal, Gold Coast. B. M. 



2. Call. Thisorella Boisd. Sp. Gen. 1. 6O9. n. 3. (1836). 



Bengal. 



3. Call. Philippina Boisd Sp. Gen. 1. 609. n. 4. (1836). 



P. Ph. Cram. t. 36l. f. CD. (1782). 

 Colias Ph. Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. 99- (1816). 

 Godt. Enc. M. ix. 96. 11. 22. (1819). 

 India. B. M. 



4. Call. Pyranthe Boisd. Sp. Gen. 1. 61 1. n. 5. (1836). 



P. Pyr. Linn. Syst. Nat. 11. 763. n. 98. (1767). 

 Col. Pyr. Godt. Enc. M. ix. 97. n.24. (1819). 

 P. Chryseis Drury, 1. t. 12. f. 3, 4. (1770). 

 P. Glioma Fab. Syst. Ent. App.828. n. 151, 152. 



(1775). 

 P. Nephthe Fab. Ent. Syst. in. i. 190. n. 588. 



(1793). 

 China, India. B. M. 



May, 1847- 



5. Call. Minna Boisd. Sp. Gen. 1. 612. n. 6. (1836). 



Mancipium fugax Minna Hiibn. Samml. Exot. 



Schmett. (1806-27). 

 Murtia Minna Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. 98. 



(1816). 

 India. B. M. 



6. Call. Hybljea Boisd. Sp. Gen. 1. 6l2. n. 7- (1836). 



W. Africa. 



7. Call. Eubule. 



? P. Eub. Linn. Syst. Nat. 11. 764. n. 102. 

 (1767). 

 ? Cram. t. 120. f. E. F. (1776). 

 ? Fab. Ent. Syst. 477. n. 151. (1775). 

 0* ? Sm. Abb. Lep. Ins. 0/ Georgia, 1. 654. (1793). 

 J Phcebis Eubule Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. 98. 

 (1816). 

 i ? Call. Marcellina Boisd. Sp. Gen. 1. 6 15. n. 9. 

 (1836). 

 P. Sennse Linn. Syst. Nat. 11. 764. n. 103. 

 (1767)? 

 United States, Jamaica. B. M. 



