84 



Family IV. DANAKLE. 



Head round. 



Eyes oval, prominent. 



Labial Palpi divergent, ascending, scarcely rising above the forehead, distinctly triarticulate ; the 

 basal joint short, stout, curved ; second double the length of the first, subcylindric, slightly 

 curved, rounded at each extremity ; third minute, about one-fifth the length of the second, 

 obovate, slightly pointed. 



Antenna; gradually clavate. 

 Thorax moderately stout. 



Anterior Wings elongate, the cell closed. The subcostal nervure always five-branched ; its first 

 nervule thrown ofi" before the end of the cell, generally distant, at its origin, about one-fourth the 

 length of the cell from the disco-cellular neiwule ; second thrown off at the end of the cell, or 

 very little before ; the third rather more distant from the second than from the fourth ; fourth 

 about midway between the first and the apex. Upper disco-cellular nervule very short, or 

 altogether wanting ; middle and lower about equal in length. Internal nervure slender, running 

 into the submedian. 



Posterior Wings obovate, the cell closed ; the discoidal nervure always appearing to be a third 

 subcostal nervule. Abdominal fold mostly ample. 



Legs, except the anterior, rather stout and long. Anterior legs imperfect ; varying in the sexes. 

 Middle and posterior pairs with the tibia? spiny ; the spurs not strikingly developed ; the tarsi 

 with the basal joint long ; second, third, and fourth progressively shorter ; fifth longer than the 

 second ; all spiny at the side below. Claws simple. 

 Abdomen rather slender, nearly as long as the abdominal margin of the posterior wing. 



Larva stout, cylindrical, smaller towards the head, furnished on one or more of the anterior 

 segments, with a pair of long, slender, flexible, fleshy tentacula, not retractile, and with a 

 similar, but often shorter, pair on the penultimate segment. 



Pupa suspended, short, smooth, somewhat ovate, contracted near the middle. 



The Danaidse may be known from the Heliconidte by their shorter antenna?, their mostly shorter and more angular 

 wings, and by their palpi, which scarcely rise above the forehead. 



The neuration of the wings is nearly the same in the three genera of which the family is composed. The palpi 

 differ but little, and in two genera the antennae only vary in length. There is however no difficulty in discriminating 

 the genera. Danais is known by its simple claws, without paronychia or pulvilli, Euplcea has claws furnished with 

 paronychia and pulvilli, but its antennaj are more clavate than those of Hestia, which has similar claws, and the 

 anterior tarsi of the females arc clavate and spined, whilst in Hestia they are subcylindrical and not spined. 



