JUNONIA. 207 



Anterior Legs of the male slender, clothed with scales and delicate hairs. Femur considerably 

 longer than the tibia. Tibia nearly cylindric, slightly slenderer towards the apex. Tarsus 

 one-jointed, one third or nearly one half the length of the tibia, slender, subcylindric, sometimes 

 tapering towards the apex, which is not unfrequently truncate. Anterior Legs of the female 

 rather small. Femur longer than the tibia. Tibia subcylindric, smooth. Tarsus as long as, 

 or but little shorter than, the tibia. First joint cylindric, twice or three times the length of the 

 rest combined, with a spine on each side at the apex, and sometimes a few scattered spines 

 within : second joint scarcely one fifth, sometimes scarcely one seventh, of the length of the first ; 

 armed at the apex, as are the two following joints, with two spines : third, fourth, and fifth 

 joints very short, transverse ; the fourth the shortest ; the fifth sometimes broader than the 

 fourth ; all, as is also the second, furnished with a tuft of hairs on each side at the base. 



Middle and Posterior Legs moderately stout. Femora of the former pair longer than, of the latter 

 pair equal to, the tibia?. Tibia? subcylindric, with two interno-lateral series of spines, and 

 sometimes a few external spines ; armed at the apex with two stout spurs. Tarsi equal to the 

 tibia?, spiny laterally and below, except the fifth joint, which wants the lateral spines ; the spines 

 below somewhat in two series ; the upper surface sometimes with one or two delicate spines or 

 stiff hairs. First joint more than double the length of the second ; this mostly equal to, but 

 sometimes shorter than, the fifth, always longer than the third ; fourth mostly shorter than the 

 third. Claws curved, grooved below. Paronychia bilaciniate. Outer lacinia broad at the base, 

 then very slender, pointed; equal, or nearly equal, in length to the claw; sometimes almost 

 strap-shaped. Inner lacinia short, subtriangular. Pulvillus shorter than the claw, two-jointed ; 

 second joint broad. 

 Abdomen rather small, about two thirds the length of the inner margin of the wing. 



Larva with the head and all the segments armed with spines. 

 Pupa tuberculated, scarcely angular. 



Junonia may be known from the six preceding genera by its naked eyes, and by its less hairy anterior legs. In all 

 those genera the anterior legs of the males are densely clothed with long hairs, and this is the case also with the 

 females of Vanessa and Pyrameis. But in Junonia, though the legs of the males are thickly set with fine hairs, they 

 are short, and do not so entirely cover the legs as to make it difficult to detect their form, and even their articu- 

 lations. The cells of both pairs of wings are always open, with the exception of the anterior wings in three or four 

 very aberrant species, which I place in the genus with much reluctance. 



After long hesitation and a more extensive comparison of the structure of the different species than it was in my 

 power to make when the twenty-fifth plate was drawn, I have come to the conclusion of combining in one genus what 

 I had previously proposed to divide into two genera, under the names of Junonia and Salamis. The latter name was 

 given by Dr. Boisduval in 1827 to an insect from Madagascar and Mauritius, which I have not been able to dissect, 

 but which probably resembles in structure Junonia Cacta. Subsequently, in his cabinet and in a manuscript 

 catalogue which he communicated to me, he placed in this genus his Vanessa? Goudotii, Andremiaja, &c, with P. 

 Laodice of Cramer and other allied species, an arrangement which I followed in the catalogue of the collection of 

 Lepidoptera of the British Museum. These species mostly have the club of the antenna? more gradually formed than 

 the species which compose Hiibner's genus Junonia, and have some other differences which will be found indicated 

 in the sectional characters given in the list of species. There is, however, so gradual a transition from species to 

 species in the form of the club, that I have found it impossible to draw a line of distinction. 



