208 



NYMPHALID^E. 



Few genera exhibit greater variety of colour than this. 



The species composing the first section, for which I would retain the name Junonia, have generally the upper surface 

 of the wings marked with ocelli, one or more of which is very large ; the under side is generally more or less marbled. 

 These species have the posterior wings either slightly angled or rounded, their anal angle being very rarely prolonged 

 into a tail. The anterior tarsi of the males are mostly proportionately longer than in the males of the next section. 



The next group mostly have the outer margin of both pairs of wings more angular, and the anal angle of the 

 posterior wings prolonged into a short tail, resembling, in this last respect, the genera Kallima and Zeuxidia. The 

 colouring of the upper surface of the wings in some species of this group is extremely beautiful, consisting of 

 fulvous and blue bands and spots on a fuscous ground ; in other species it is more sombre, being a dull fuscous, with 

 rather paler markings. A third group, for which I would retain the name of Salamis, resembles some of the preceding 

 species in its angular outlines, and is extremely beautiful in colouring. Junonia ? Cacta has the base of the wings 

 fulvous, glossed with purple ; the disc purple ; the outer margin fuscous. In Junonia ? Anacardii the whole upper 

 surface, with the exception of some trivial fuscous markings, is of a most brilliant pearly hue, with shades of rosy 

 purple scarcely equalled in any other insect. Its close ally, Junonia ? Sabina, is fuscous brown with a broad transverse 

 fulvous band. 



The Lakvje appear in one respect to resemble those of Argynnis, rather than those of the true Vanessa;, as the 

 prothoracic segment is spiny. The head is mostly, if not always, armed with spines ; but Dr. Horsfield represents that 

 of Junonia Laomedia as having the head unarmed. The larva? of Junonia Laomedia, Jun. Lemonias, Jun. Orithyia, 

 and Jun. OEnone are all of a fuscous hue, with a paler lateral line, and pale or rufous spots. That of Jun. Asterie is 

 brown, with the thoracic segments almost entirely black. That of Junonia Ca?nia is brown with two pale lateral lines, 

 and some lateral red spots ; the spines are blue. It feeds on Linaria canadensis. 



The PuPiE which are known are but little angular, and, with the exception of Junonia Laomedia, have the head 

 rounded. Dr. Horsfield represents that of this insect as having the head bifid. The back and sides are tuberculated. 

 The colour is some shade of brown or fuscous, with paler or darker markings. The pupa state continues about fifteen 

 days. 



The Perfect Insect has, in its habits, many points of resemblance to Argynnis and the allied genera, which it 

 nearly resembles in the form of its palpi. The only species of which I have observed the habits is Junonia Ca3nia. 

 Its flight is rapid, somewhat like that of Pyrameis Cardui, or still more that of Euptoieta Claudia. It is very 

 abundant in the more southern parts of the United States, but, I believe, does not occur more to the south. It is two- 

 brooded, the autumnal brood hybernating, and giving rise to a brood of larva; which are full grown in April, and of which 

 the perfect insect appears early in May. Godart has confounded two other species with this, one a West Indian, the 

 other a Brazilian insect. The northern and western parts of South America have their peculiar species, as yet 

 undescribed, which are closely allied to the above-mentioned and to one another, but readily distinguishable by a 

 minute examination of a large series of each species. 



The Geographical Range of the genus comprises the whole tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres, 

 to the exclusion, however, of the southern Mediterranean district. The first section occurs most numerously in the 

 New World, but is also found in Africa from Senegal to the Cape of Good Hope, in Asia and its islands, some of the 

 Polynesian Islands, and in Australia. The second and third sections are more peculiarly African, though species occur 

 in Asia and the Asiatic Islands. 



JUNONIA. 



Section I. JUNONIA. 

 Antenna with a short rattier abrupt club. Cell of Anterior Wings 



open. Posterior Wings mostly rounded, often marked with lurge 

 ocelli. Anterior Tarsus of the mate about half the length of the 

 tibia. 



l. Jun. Lemonias. 



P. Lem. Linn. Si/st. Nat. n. 770. n. 136. 

 (1767). 

 Fab. Ent. Syst. in. i. 90. n. '2S'>. (1 7.0"). 



Van. Lem. Godt. Em. M. lx. 310. n. 31. 



(1819)- 

 P. Aonis Cram. t. 35. f. D. E. F. (I775). 

 China, Java, Ceylon, India generally. B M. 



2. Jun. Aonis. 



P. Ao. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 769. n. 134. (1767). 

 Van. Ao. Godt. Enc. 31. ix. 311. n. 32. 

 (1819). 

 Indian Archipelago. 



