MADEMA. 279 



Genus LVI. DIADEMA. 



DiADEMA Boisd. 



Apatura p. Fabnciiis, Horsf. 



H-i-poLiMNAS, EsoPTRiA, and Panopea, Hiibn. 



Nymph alis p. GodK 



Body moderately robust ; wings large, those of the males generally more brilliantly coloured than those of the females; 



head and neck often marked with small white spots. 

 Head moderately large, with a frontal tuft nearly reaching to the tip of the second joint of the palpi. 



Eyes prominent, naked. 



Labial Palpi porrected, rather more than twice the length of the head, ascending obliquely, but scarcely elevated 

 above the level of the middle of the eyes, ratlier flattened beneath, scaly ; the scales lying flat except at the 

 base, beneath which they are slightly elongated, and also near the middle of the upper side of the second joint, 

 where there is an elongated tuft of white scales, and another near the tip within, which causes the apical joint 

 to be as wide apart as the space between the eyes ; the terminal joint is elongate ovate, slightly pointed at the 

 tip, and about one fourth of the length of the second joint. 



Antenna; short, scarcely above three fourths of the length of the body, and not lialf the length of the wings, 

 slender, slightly curved; terminated by a distinct, rather small club, not occupying more than one fifth of the 

 length of the antennas. Club obovate, terminated by a very minute acute point. 

 Thorax moderately robust, hairy, especially on the metathorax ; neck short, marked with small white spots ; wings 

 large. 



Fore Wings subtrigonate. Fore margin much arched ; apical angle not regularly rounded. Apical margin 

 about three fourths of the length of the anterior, angulated below the apex, emarginate below the angle ; 

 margin slightly scalloped. Inner margin slightly concave, about the same length as the apical one. Costal 

 vein extending beyond the middle of the costa. Subcostal vein with its first branch arising about one fourth 

 from the base of the wing ; second branch arising at a little distance beyond the first, and before the anterior 

 extremity of the discoidal cell ; third branch arising at about two thirds of the length of the wing, and 

 extending to the tip ; fourth branch arising half way between it and the apex, and reaching the apical margin 

 at a little distance below the apex ; the terminal portion of the vein slightly deflexed. Upper disco-cellular 

 vein very short, almost obsolete, arising from the subcostal at about one third of the length of the wing ; 

 middle disco-cellular short, curved obliquely outwards ; lower disco-cellular slightly curved, about three times 

 as long as the middle one, and uniting with the third branch of the median vein at a little distance beyond its 

 origin, closing the discoidal cell at a little more than one third of the length of the wing ; the third branch is 

 considerably curved beyond the discoidal cell. 



Hind Wings broad, nearly rounded. Anterior margin much arched. Outer margin somewhat longer than the 

 anterior, rounded, and scalloped. Precostal vein curved outwardly. Costal vein much curved, extending to 

 the outer angle. Subcostal vein brandling at about one fifth of the length of the wing. Upper disco-cellular 

 arising very close to the base of the subcostal branch ; lower disco-cellular arising at about the same distance 

 from the base of the upper disco-cellular, curved, and united with the median vein exactly at the origin of its 

 third branch, closing the discoidal cell. 



Fore Legs of the male short and pectoral, scaly. Femora clothed beneath with rather long scaly hairs. Tibia 

 and tarsus scaly. Tibia slightly curved. Tarsus not more than one third of the length of the tibia, elongate- 

 ovate, exarticulate. Fore Legs of the female considerably larger. The fenuir and tibia similarly clothed. 

 Tarsus scaly, more than two thirds of the length of the tibia, distinctly articulated ; the basal joint occupying 

 nearly three fourths of the whole tarsus, with two strong spurs at its tip beneath ; second, third, and fourth 

 joints very short, obliquely truncate, spined beneath at the tip ; fifth joint minute, but with similar spines. 



Four Hind Legs rather long, scaly. Tibia with two rows of short spines, and rather long tibial spurs. Tarsi 

 witli several rows of shorter spines beneath and at the sides. Claws moderate. 



Larva cylindrical; head with two erect spines, each of the following segments with several shorter spines. 

 Pupa robust ; hunched on the back ; abdomen-case spined. 



Tlic characters above described are those presented by PapiHo Eolina of Linnajus and its allies, forming a group of considerable 

 extent, and very widely dispersed over the Old World, as well as numerous in individuals. They are well distinguished by their large 

 broad wings, and by the white spots on the head and thorax. The males, also, in most of these typical species, have all their wings 

 marked on the upper side with large resplendent patches of white, edged with purple, or otherwise glossed with purple. 



In the List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the British Museum Collection, and in the plates of this work, E. Doubleday, however, 

 added to the genus a number of other species of very variable habits, and which, although at first sight apparently scarcely related to 

 the typical species above mentioned, appear to be more nearly allied to them than to any other Nyniphalidte, and which, unless placed in 

 the present genus, would require several distinct genera for their reception. 



September 2. 1850. 4 K 



