'280 



NYMPHALIDiE. 



The African species, P. Lucretia, Semire, and Hostilia, indeed, agree tolerably well in general form and character with the typical 

 species, but the style of their markings, especially on the under side of the wings, which are thickly spotted with black, is very distinct. 

 The admission of these species, however, requires the introduction of P. Euryta, Hirce, and Bolsduvalii, wliich, although possessing much 

 loncjer wings (resembling, in fact, Acrreaj much more than Nymphalidse), have their under sides very similarly marked, their veins 

 similarly arranged, and their palpi and antennae also alike. 



P. dnbia and Anthedon differ from all the preceding in having the cell of the hind wings quite open ; in other respects, however, 

 they agree in the main with the other generic characters, and have the wings much l&s elongated than in Euryta and Boisduvalii, 

 whilst P. dissimilis, Nama, and Nyctelius, although equally well agreeing with the general characters of the group, have the discoidal 

 cell of all the wings open. 



With such modifications, therefore, as are indicated above, chiefly, however, affecting the form and marking of the wings, and the 

 open or closed condition of the discoidal cell, I see no sufficient reason for separating as a distinct genus the insect represented in our 

 Plate XXXIX. fig. 3. under the name of Penthema Lisarda, a species which, in the form of the wings and their peculiar markings, 

 possesses the greatest affinity with P. dissimilis and Xama, but which differs from them, and agrees with the typical Diadema, in the 

 arrangement of its wing veins ; its antenna?, however, have the club much more slender, and the terminal joint of the palpi smaller and 

 more acute than in the generality of the species. 



In a very beautiful series of original drawings of the transformations of the Lepidoptera of India, communicated to me by Mr. Frith, 

 are contained figures of the Larva and Pupa of D. Lasinassa ( Auge) ; the former is a thick cylindrical caterpillar, rather attenuated to 

 the head, which is dark red-brown ; the body is blackish brown, with paler freckles ; the head is armed with two long, erect, black, 

 setose spines, each segment of the body also bearing several similar, but shorter, red-brown spines. In general form it very much 

 resembles that of Gynajcia Dirce, figured by StoU (pi. ii. fig. 3.). The Pupa (like that of D. Bolina, figured in General Hardwicke's 

 collection of drawings in the British jSIuseum ) is thick and suspended by the tail ; the head is obtuse ; the back of the thorax-case 

 prominent ; the abdomen-case very gibbose, and with a transverse row of spines on each segment. 



Some of the species are extremely variable in their markings and colours; this is especially the case with the females of D. Lasinassa, 

 as will be seen by our synonymes of that species. The females of D. Bolina differ so much from the males, and at the same time bear 

 so great and general a resemblance to some of the species of Danais, that they were even included by Godart in that genus. It will be 

 seen from the list of localities, that this last-named species has an extremely wide geographical range. The others are much more 

 restricted in their habitats. 



DIADEMA. 



Section A. JJiscoidal cell closed in all the wings. 



Subsection a. Wings not marked iritli a nnjnher of small black spots at the 

 base on the tinder side. 



Division*. Wings broad. Club of Antennce thick. (Diadema.) 



1. DiAD. Bolina Boisdiival, Faiine Ent. de Madag. p. 39. 



i Papilio Bolina Linnaus, Syst. Naf. n. p. 781. n. 188.; 

 Fabricius, Ent. Si/st. in. pt. 1. p. 126. n. 384.; Clerck, 

 Icon. t. 21.; Cramer, Pap. t. 65. f. E. F.; Drury, i. 

 pi. 14. f. 1, 2.; Herbst. Fapil. pi. 244. f. 3, 4. 

 Nymphalis Bolina Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. ^()6. n. l.")?. 

 Apatura Bolina Zink. Somm. in Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. xy. 

 p. 194. 

 $ Papilio Misippus Linnieus, Syst. A^at. ii. p. 767. n. 158.; 

 Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 394. n. 153. 

 Papilio Diocippus Cramer, Pap. pi. 28. f. B.C.; Herbst, 

 Pap. t. 155. f. 3, 4.; Fabricius, Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. 

 p. 51. n. 158. 

 $ Papilio Inaria Cramer, Pap. pi. 214. f. A.B.; Herbst, 



Papil. t. 157. f. 5, 6. 

 Africa, Cayenne (Godart), Surinam (Boisd. MS.), Guiana, 

 Isle of Bourbon, Mauritius, Madagascar, Bengal, China, 

 Sunda Islands, Java, New Holland, East Coast of Africa, 

 Sierra Leone, Ashanti. B. M. 



2. DiAI). PANDAarS. 



S Papilio Pandarus Linnreus, Mus. hud. Vlr. p. I98., Syst. 



Nat. II. p. 748. n. 18.; Esper, Ausl. Schmett. t. 40. f. 1. 

 Papilio Callisto Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. IO9. n. 



338.; Cramer, Pap. t. 24. f. A.B.; Godart, Enc. M. 



IX. p. 394. n. 154.; Lucas, Hist. N'at. Lep. E.rot. pi. 



70. f. 1. 

 $ Papilio Pipleis Linnaus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 285., Syst. 



Nat. II. p. 775. n. 159.; Fabricius, Ent. Syst vol. in. 



pt. 1. p. 105. n. 324.; Clerck, Icon. t. 26. f. 3, 4.; 



Cramer, Pnp. t. 60. f. ."V. B.; Hiibner. Samml. cxot. Schm. 



Bd. i. pi. — . Bd. ii. pi. — . 

 Diadema Pipleis Boisduval, I'oy. de V Astrolabe, p. 137. 

 Java, Aniboyna. B. M. 



3. DiAn. Lasinassa. 



^Papilio hi%mass,3. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 127. 



n. 386.; Cramer, Pap. pi. 205. f. A. B.; Godart, Enc. 



M. IX. p. 395. n. 155.; Lucas. Hist. Nat. Lei). Exot. 



pi. 70. f. 2. 



Papilio Auge Cramer, Pap. i. I90. f. A.B. 

 S Papilio Liria Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 126.; 



Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 395. n. 156. 

 Papilio Alcithoe Cramer, Pap. pi. 80. f. A. B.; Hiibner, 



Samml. exot. Sclun. Bd. i. pi. — . 

 $ Papilio Nerina Fab. Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 133. n. 410.; 



Donovan, Ins. of New Hoi/, pi. 27. f. *. 

 ? var. Papilio Iphigenia Cramer, Pap. t. 67. f. D. E. 

 $ var. Papilio Proserpina Cramer, Pap. t. 218. f. CD. 

 $ var. Papilio Alcmene Cramer, Pap. t. 67. f. A. 

 J var. Papilio Antigone Cramer, Pap. pi. 67. f. C. 

 $ var. Papilio Jlanilia Cramer, Pap. t. 255. f. A.B. 

 5 var. Papilio Eriphile Cramer, Pap. pi. 376. f. A.B. 

 $ var. Papilio Melita Cramer, Pap. pi. 28. f. D.E. 

 5 var. Papilio Porphyria Cramer, Pap. pi. 255. f. E. F. 

 ? var. Papilio Jacintba Fabricius, Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 60. 



n. 187.; Jones, Icon. iv. t. 51.; Donovan, Ins. China, 



pi. 37. f. 1.; Driiry, III. Append, vol. 11. pi. 21. f. 1, 



2. 

 5 Papilio Avia Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 111. n. 



342. 

 Papilio Perimele Cramer, Pap. pi. 65. f. C. D. pi. 67. f. 



B. 

 ? var. Papilio Velleda Cramer, Pap. pi. 349. f. (^. D. 

 India, Amboyna, Java, Moluccas, Navigator's Islands. B. M. 



4. DiAD. Alimena. 



Papilio Alimena Limueus, Syst. N'at. n. p. 780. n. 178.; 

 Clerck, Icon. t. 32. f. 1.; Cramer, Pap. t. 221. f. A.B.C.; 

 Fabricius, Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 134. n. 412.; Godart, 

 Enc. M. IX. p. 396. n. 158.; Lucas, Hist. Nat. Lep. 

 exot. pi. 71. f. 1. 

 Java, Amboyna. B. M. 



5. DiAn. Salmacis. 



Papilio Salmacis Fabricius, Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 132. n. 



408.; Drury, III. vol. 11. t. 8. f. 1, 2.; Herbst, t. I66. 



f. 5, 6.; Junes, Icon. vol. v. t. 63. f. 1. 

 Nymphalis Salm. Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 397. n. 159.; 



Lucas, Hist. Nat. Lep. exot. pi. 71. f. 2. 

 Diad. Salmacis Doubl. ll'estw. Sj Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. 



Lep. pi. 59. f. 1. 

 Papilio Omphale Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, pi. 26. f. 1, lA. 

 Sierra Leone, Ashanti, Guinea (Amboyna, Stoll). 



B.M. 



