J 18 



NYMPHALID.l-:. 



violet-purjjle. The tailed male of P. Verticordia very nearly resembles our figure of Cyraatogramma Echemus, whilst the female has 

 the fore wiugs marked with pale spots beyond the middle, as figured by Hiibner. So, again, the P. Basilia of Cramer, which has been 

 rewarded as the opposite sex of his P. Arachne (P. Morvus), differs in like manner, and must be regarded as distinct, belonging equally 

 to a distinct section. The appreciation of these remarks, and a careful examination of the minute characters alluded to, will, I trust, 

 enable the Lepidopterist to clear up the difficulties which have attended the determination of these butterflies. 



The veins of the wings, in the insects of this genus, exhibit some modifications which are worthy of note, as affording instances of the 

 manner in which one or more of the branches of the veins become obsolete. In the greater number of the species the first and second 

 branches of the postcostal vein are present, although very short, and running into the costal vein, instead of continuing detached and 

 extendino- to the costa beyond the extremity of the costal vein. In P. Otrere, &c., in which this structure occurs, we, however, find 

 a very minute oblique branch extending (at about the distance of two thirds of the length of the wing from the base) between the 

 costa and the costal vein ; whence we may infer that this little branch is typically to be regarded as the termination of the costal vein, 

 and that the apparent continuation of the costal vein is, in fixct, the coalesced condition of the extremity of the first and second branches 

 of the postcostal vein, which had also run together for some distance united with the costal vein. In the species now under consideration 

 we find the postcostal vein throwing off another branch at some little distance beyond the middle of the wing; and we also find another 

 minute oblique twio- extending between this third branch and the continuation of the costal vein beyond the first above-described little 

 branch. Here, attain, we must consider that this second little branch is the extremity of the real third postcostal branch, which has 

 arisen and run for a short distance in conjunction with the branch which we see, and which must, in such case, be considered as the real 

 fourth branch. 



In p. Portia and Halice, &c., we find only one branch emitted from the postcostal vein before the anterior extremity of the 

 discoidal cell, the second branch being obsolete. In the first of these species we further find two branches emitted by the postcostal 

 vein considerably beyond the cell, wliich are evidently the representatives of the third and fourth branches, although the first of these 

 is extremely short, extending obliquely only between the postcostal and costal veins, which it unites together. The reverse of this 

 arrangement takes place in both sexes of Halice, the first branch emitted beyond the discoidal cell throwing off a little oblique spur, 

 as in Otrere, which we are consequently to regard as the representative of the third, and the branch which runs to the tip of the wing 

 as the ordinary fourth branch of the postcostal vein. In a fine new species in the British Museum Collection, which I have named 

 P. Xenocrates, another variation of these branches takes place, the postcostal vein emitting two branches before the extremity of the 

 discoidal cell. But here the first branch only runs into the costal vein, which, being abbreviated, allows space for the second branch 

 to extend nearly to the tip of the wing, where it is united to the costa ; beyond the discoidal cell, however, the postcostal vein emits 

 only one branch, which extends to the tip of the wing, so that there is here reason to suppose that the typical third branch is obsolete. 

 I have been particular in distinguishing these variations, as they are the most striking which have yet presented themselves in the genera 

 of Nvmphalida; which I have had to describe, and as they are very instructive in their application to other modifications which we 

 shall have subsequently to notice. 



Stoll has represented the Caterpillar and Chrysalis of P. Leonidas, which is black and thickly covered with short bristles arising from 

 a number of minute white dots or tubercles. The head is large and square with small spinous tubercles on the top and sides. The 

 chrysalis is short, without angular projections, of a pale greyish brown colour with red spots and markings, and is found suspended 

 by its tail from the twigs of the shrubs upon which the caterpillar had fed. 



The same author has also represented tlie Caterpillar of P. Polycarnies, which is more elongate, greenish, with black transverse striae, 

 four spots on the face, and the ventral surface reddish ; the head is armed with two small conical horns, which, as well as the sides 

 of the head, are minutely tubcrcled ; and each segment of the body is furnished with a small lateral tuft of bristles, as well as a strong 

 setose bristle on the top of the back. The anal pair of feet are large and divergent. 



Mr. Gosse has published some notes on the mode of flight of P. Portia in the Annals of Natural History (2d ser. vol. ii. p. 270.). 



The species, which are numerous, may be divided into sections, as indicated above, in the following manner : — 



PA PHI A. 



I. Fore IP'tngs without a deep incision or emarginution near the extremity 

 0/ the inner margin, (Anaea Hiibner.) 



* Postcostal rein of the Fore Wings vith only one branch preceding the 

 anterior extremity of the discoidal cell ; second branch obsolete. 



f Terminal branch of the postcostal vein of the Fore Wings arising near the 

 tip of the wings. 



X Fore Wings scalloped. 



1. Paph. Portia. 



Papilio Portia Fahriciiis, Eiit. Syst. in. pt. 1. 78. n. 242. ; 

 Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 36i. 11. 50. 

 Jamaica, Antilles. B.M. 



J J Fore Wings entire. 



2. PaPB. TnOQLODVTA. 



Papilio Troglodyta Fabriciiis, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 77- 



n. 2-tO. ; Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 365. n. 51. (Nynipha- 



lis Tr.). 

 Anaea Troglodyta Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. n. 445. 

 Papilio Astianax Cramer, Pap. t. 337. f- A. B. 

 Papilio Astina Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 111. pt. 1. p. 81. 



n. 251.?; Jones, Icones, v. t. 80. f. 1. ?; Godart, Enc. 



M. IX. p. 359. n. 30. ? (Nymphalis Ast.). 

 Hamadryas undata Astina Hiibner, Saiiiml. exot. Schm. 



Band i. pi. — . 

 Jamaica. B.M, 



3. Paph. Aidea. 



Nymphalis Aidea Guerin, Icon. R. An. Entomol. p. 478. 

 Bay of Campeachy. 



tt Terminal branch of the postcostal vein of the Fore Wings arising at a 

 little distance beyond the middle of the wings. 



4. Paph. Halice. 



Nymphalis Hahce Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 366. n. 55.; 



E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mas. p. 113. (Paphia 



H.). 

 Anaea Halice Hiibner, Zutrage, pt. 5. p. 41. f. g67, 968. 

 Brazil. B. M. 



'* Postcostal vein of the Fore Wings with two branches preceding the 

 anterior extremity of the discoidal cell. 



•f Hind Wings with one tail in both sexes, or in the female. 



5. Paph. Rvphea. 



Papilio Ryphea Cramer, Pap. t. 48. f. G. H. ; Godart, Enc. 



M. IX. p. 365. n. 52. (Nymphalis R.). 

 Anaea Riphea Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. n. 448. 

 Brazil, Guayaquil, Guiana. B.M. 



6. Paph. Phidile. 



Anaea Phidile Hiibner, Zutrage, pt. 5. p. 27. f. 905, 906. 

 Paph. Ryphea fem. E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mas. 

 p. 113. 

 Brazil. B. M. 



