UPSIPHANES. 



345 



Caterpillar long, cylindrical, thickest in the middle, gradually attenuated to the head and tail; head 

 broader than the neck, with two erect, obtuse, setose horns on the crown, and with several small lateral 

 ones, each of the four or five middle segments of the body, in some species, armed with a short acute point. 



Chrysalis robust; the head terminated by two short obtuse tubercles; thorax case sometimes swollen 

 into a conical protuberance. 



These insects may be considered as intermediate between tlie typical species of Caligo and the Brassolida; : P. Batea beincr niore closely 

 allied to the former; whilst P. Cassia; approaches very closely to tlic latter, not only in general appearance and colour, but in the much 

 more strongly clavate antenna;; whilst P. Aorsa, and a new species to which I have applied the name of P. Soranus, are equally near, 

 in their general form, to Caligo Automedon. From all these species they are at once distinguished by the large size of the prediscoidal 

 cell of the hind wings, as well as by the proportions of the disco-cellular veins of the fore wings ; whilst the very small size of the palpi, 

 and the clavate antennte of Brassolis, at once remove that genus from this group, independent of considerations derived from the 

 preparatory states of these insects. The position of the pencil-like tufts of hairs on the upper side of the hind wino-s will also serve 

 to separate these insects from Dasyophthalma, independent of their naked eyes, and the diversity of the markings of the under side of 

 the wings. 



All "the species are natives of the hottest parts of the New World, and their general forms, and the robustness of the bodies of several 

 of them, sufficiently indicate habits and powers of flight quite unlike those of the gigantic species of Calirfo. 



Stoll has given us very satisfactory figures of the transformations of Ops. Berecynthus and Cassia;. The Caterpillar of the former, in 

 its young state, is green above, and of a fleshy brown colour beneath ; the head is furnished on each side with several obtuse hoins, 

 whilst the middle segment of the body is armed with a single erect dorsal spine, and the body is terminated by two long, gradually 

 attenuated, setose filaments. \\' hen full grown it is entirely of a fleshy brown ; the head similarly armed ; the five middle segments 

 of the body separately armed with a small erect spine, and the tails shorter. 



The Chrysalis in this species has the upper side of the thoracic portion of the body produced into a triangular protuberance. Madame 

 Merian represents it feeding on the Cassia tricapsularis ; and states that it changed to chrysaHs on the 20th of May, and that the butterfly 

 was produced on the 4th of June. The head of the chrysalis is produced into two short tubercles. 



The Larva of Ops. Cassias is green, and delicately tubercled ; the middle segments of the body are not armed with erect spines, but 

 the head and tails resemble those of Ops. Berecynthus. The Chrysalis has the thorax of the oixlinary convex form. 



I have added to the present genus several species which it will probably be considered desirable, at some future period, to sej)arate 

 therefrom generically, namely, Caligo Syme tTub., which has the apical margin of the fore wings rounded ; but this species has the 

 prediscoidal cell of the hind wings of large size : the female of this species is remarkable for having a blue gloss on the upper surface 

 of the hind wings, of which the males are destitute : also Pavonia Aorsa of Godart, remarkable fur having the hind wings long and 

 tailed, and furnished, moreover, on the upper side with an elongated patch of long hairs close to, and parallel with, the abdomen, as 

 well as with a tuft resting in the elongated pouch in the position described in the generic character, on the sides of which it arises. 

 This species has the prediscoidal cell of the hind wings of large size. 



Another species from Para, in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., to which I have applied the name of Opsiphanes Soranus, 

 has the general form of Caligo Automedon ; but in addition to the jiencil and tuft of hairs in the positions described above, there is a tuft 

 of curved pale bufiT hairs on the upper side of the hind wings, below the base of the postcostal and costal veins ; whilst the inner 

 margin, beyond the extremity of the abdomen, is clothed, for the length of more than half an inch, with a thick coating of erect black 

 hairs. 



The majority of the species are ornamented beneath with two large eye-like spots on the hind wings, the one next the costa being 

 occasionally more or less bean-shaped ; the fore wings are also generally marked near the tips with a single ocellus of smaller size. Ops. 

 Berecynthus is adorned with a row of six ocelli of different sizes in the hind wings ; whilst in O. Cassiope the one towards the anal 

 angle is nearly obliterated. 



OPSIPHANES. 



1. Ops. Syme. 



Caligo Syme Hiibner, Samml. exot. Sclim. B.inil ii. |)1. • — •. ; 

 E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. p. 117. ; Boisduval, 

 Spec. Gen. Lep. t. 12. f. 2. (Pavonia S.). 



Morpho Acadina Godnrt, Enc. M. ix. p. 451. n. 32. ; 

 Guerin, Iconogr. Rigne An. Ins. pi. 79- f- !• 

 Brazil. B. M. 



2. Ops. Batea. 



Caligo Batea Htilmer, Samml. exot. Schm. Band ii. pi. — . ; 



E. Doublnhiy, List Lep. Brit. Mus. p. 117. 

 Morpho Saronia Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 451. n. 33. 

 Brazil and West Coast of South America. B. M. 



3. Ops. Boisouvalii. 



Opsiph. Boisduvalii E. Doubleday HIS.; Douhl. Westw. Sj 



Heu-its. Gen. Diurn Lep. pi. 57- f. 1. 

 Caligo Meropis Boisduval MS. 

 Mexico. 



4. Ops. Aorsa. 



Morpho Aorsa Godart, Enc, M. ix. p. 447. n. 22. 



Pavonia Aorsa Dmihl. Westw. &; Hemts. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 

 pi. 54. f. 3. 

 Brazil. B. M. 



5. Ops. Sokanus Westw. no v. sp.* 

 Para. 



Mus. Saunders. 



(). Ops. Cassiope. 



Papilio Cassiope Cramer, Pap. pi. 57. f. A. B. 

 Morpho Caryatis Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 454. n. 41. 

 Surinam. 



7. Ops. Xanthus. 



Papilio Xanthus Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 707. n. 122., 

 Mus. Ludon. Ulr. p. 267. ; Clcrek, Icon. t. 34. f. 1,2.; 

 Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 483., Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 

 150. n. 460. ; Cramer, Pap. pi. 183. f. A.B. ; Godart, 

 Enc. M. IX. p. 453. n. 40. 

 Brassolis Amphirhoe Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schm. Band 

 ii. pi. — . 

 Brazil, Surinam. B. M. 



* Opsiphanes alis anticis margine externo valde emarginato, posticis elongato-ovatis, vix repandis, supra fuscis ; anticis fascia macular! in medio angulata, 

 pone medium costa? ad angulum posticum eurrente, fulva punctisque tribus alhis subapicalibus ; alis posticis supra versus basin cost;E peiiicillo curvato luteo, 

 altero nigro discoidali, tertioque minori fusco ad niarginem analem, fasciculoque erectorum pilorum nigrorum dimidiuni posticum marginis analis occupante 

 instructis; alis infra luteo-fuscis. fusco albidoque pone medium anticarum, posticis fere undique piperatis, basi fusco tenue strigosis, anticis uni- posticis bi- 

 oculatis. Exp.ans. alar. ant. 4J unc. 



