EREBIA. 



377 



few spines, those on the sides beneath forming rows. Tarsus nearly as long as the tibia, more thickly and 

 irregularly spined. Ungues simple. Pulvilli very minute. 

 Abdomen moderately short and slender. 



Caterpillar rather robust, finely pubescent, longitudinally striated; head small; tail pointed, bifid. 



The insects of this genus are very numerous, and are subject to great variations. They are distinguished from most of the preceding 

 genera by having the principal veins of the fore wings either not at all swollen, or the costal vein alone slightly dilated at the base. 

 From Argyrophenga they differ in their shorter, more triangular wings, and in having the first two branches of the postcostal vein 

 arising before the anterior extremity of the discoidal cell (the second being close to its tip), whereas in Argyrophenga they both arise 

 beyond the cell. 



The name which is here adopted for the present genus was proposed by Dalman for the whole of the Swedish species of Satyrida; ; it 

 is consequently in strictness a synonyme of Satyrus and Hipparchia ; as such, I rejected it in my work upon the buttei-flies of Great 

 Britain, proposing the name of Oreina in its stead, in allusion to the mountainous habits of the species. The name Erebia having, 

 however, been employed in its present restricted sense by Boisduval, and adopted by Herrick SchafFer, E. Doubleday, &c., and havino- 

 been also used in the plates of the present work illustrating this genus previously to my undertaking its completion, I have pre- 

 ferred sinking my own generic name, although satisfied of its propriety. 



The species of this genus appear exclusively to inhabit the Alpine mountains and mountainous districts of Central Europe, being 

 rarely found on the plains, except where the vegetation has an Alj)ine character. They do not occur on the more northerly mountains 

 of Europe, where they are replaced by the species of Chionobas ; nor on the mountains of the southern parts of Spain, Italy, and the 

 Mediterranean islands. They constitute Duponchel's ninth and last group, named, from the same circumstance, Alpicoles; and may, as 

 that author suggests, be divided into two groups, from the entire and scalloped hind wings, which correspond with ilr. J. F. Stephens's 

 sections C. and D. of his genus Hipparchia. They constitute Hiibner's two families Umbrosa; and Subtinctaj of his stirps Oreadea 

 (nearly equivalent to our family Satyrida;), and are divided into the following genera or stirpes, chiefly from the varieties of colourin" 

 of the species. Oreades dmbros^. 1. Phorcis — ^Eplstigne, &c. 2. Epigea — Euryale, Ligea, &c. 3. Syngea — Pronoe, &c. 4. 

 Marica — Stygne, &c, 5. Ypthima p. — Manto, &c. 6. Melampias — Cassiope, &c. — Oreades subtinct^. 1. Gorgo — Ceto, &c. 

 2. Maniola — Phegea, &c. 



The extra-European species are found in similarly moderate climates, such as Canada, Chili, and the Cape of Good Hope. 



The Caterpillar of Erebia Medusa is figured by Hiibner and Godart ; it ,is green, with whitish and dark green longitudinal stripes, 

 and feeds on Panicum sanguinale : that of E. Medea is stated in the Wiener Verzeichniss to feed on Dactylis glomerata. The 

 Caterpillar of E. Ligea is figured by Hiibner and Godart ; it is also green, with a dark dorsal line, and paler stripes on the sides. 



EREBIA. *'-' 



1. Ereb. Cassiope. 



Papilio Cassiope Fabricius, Mant. Ins. pt. 2. p. 42., Ent. 



Syst. III. pt. ]. p. 238. n. 742. ; Hubner, Schm. Eur. 



Pap. {. 626. 629. ; Ochsenh. Schm. v. Eur. 1. p. 26l. 



n. 44.; Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 535. n. 154., Lep. 



France, 11. t. 15. f. 1,2.; Boisduval, Ind. Meth. p. 26. 



n. 195. ; Freyer, N. Beitr. t. 20. f. 1,2.; Stephens, III. 



Haust. I. 63. t. 8. f. 1 — 3. ; Westw. Ji,- Humphr. Brit. 



Butt. pi. 22. fig. 9, 10. 

 Var. Ereb. Nelamus Boisduval, Ind. Meth. p. 26. n. 195. 



var. 

 Papilio ^thiops minor Vill. Ent. 11. p. 37. 

 Var. Papilio JMnenion Haworlh, Ent. Trans, i. 332. 

 Papilio Melampus var. E.iper, Sehmett. 1. 2. 131. t. 78. 



Cont. 28. f. 2. ; Newman, Zool. 729., but not of 



Fuessly. 

 Melampias Rhodia Hiibner, Verz. n. Cll. 

 Alps, Scotland. B. M. 



2. Ereb. Epiphron. 



Papilio Epiphron Knoch, Beytr. iii. t. 6. f. 7. ; Fabricius, 

 Ent. Syst. 111. pt. 1. f. 23.5. n. 735. ; Ochsenh. Schm. 

 V. Eur. I. p. 258. n. 41. ; Godart, Lep. Fr. i. 16. f. 3, 4. 



Papilio lanthe Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 202., Suppl. 

 (H. Schiiffer) f. 92, 93, 94. 



Erebia Cassiope var. Boisduval, Ind. Meth. n. I95. 

 Hercynia, Harz. 



3. Ereb. Arete. 



Papilio Arete Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. p. 23. n. 



743. ; Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 231, 232. ; Ochsenh. 



Schm. V. Eur. 1. p. 301. n. 64. 

 An var. Blandins ? 

 Southern Alps. 



4. Ereb. Pharte. 



Papilio Pharte Esper, Sehmett. t. 120. Cont. 75. f. 3, 

 4. ; Ochsenh. Schm. v. Eur. i. p. 259- ; Hiibner, Schm. 

 Eur. Pap. f. 491—494., Suppl. V. 95. (H. Sch.); 

 Godurt, Enc. M. ix. pt. 536. n. 156., Lep. France, 

 Suppl. Duponchel, i. t. 34. f. 1, 2. ; Boisduval, Icon. 

 Hist. pi. 35. f. 7, 8. ; Freyer, N. Beitr. I. 20. f. 3. 

 Alps, Germany. B. M. 



5. Ereb. Stubendorffii. 



Erebia Stubendorffii Menetries in Bull. Acad. Petersb. v. 

 p. 262. 

 Siberia. 



6. Ereb. Mei.ampus. 



Papilio Melampus Fuessly, Vers. Schw. Ins. p. 31. n. 604. 



t. 1. f. 6. (but not of Newman) ; Esper, Sehmett. i. t. 



31. Suppl. 7. f. 2., t. 103. Cont. 58. f. 1. ; Ochsenh. 



Sch. V. Eur. I. p. 260. n. 43., Godart, Enc. M. ix. 



p. 536. n. 155., Lep. France, ii. t. 16. f. 5, 6. ; 



Boisduval, Ind. Meth. p. 26. n. I98., Icon. Hist. t. 35. 



f. 5, 6. 

 Pap. lanthe Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 624, 625. 

 Pap. Eriphile Freyer, N. Beitr. pi. 187. f. 3, 4. 

 Pap. Alcyone ? Borkh. Eur. Schm. 1. p. 96. 244. n. 55. c. 

 Alps, Sweden, Germany. B. M. 



7. Ereb. Mnestra. 



Papilio Mnestra Esper, Sehmett. 1. t. 120. Cont. 75. f. 

 5, 6. ; Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 540—543., Suppl. 

 f. 96. (H. Sch.) ; Ochsenheimer, Sch. v. Eur. 1. p. 264. 

 n. 45. ; Godart, Euc. M. ix. p. 533. n. I49. ; Duponch. 

 Lep. Fr. Suppl. i. t. 34. f. 3 — 4. ; Boisduval, Ind. Meth. 

 p. 26. n. 199., Icon. Hist. t. 35. f. 1—4. ; Freyer, IV. 

 Beitr. t. I9. f. 3. and 91. f. 3 ; Wood, Ind. Ent. t. 53. 

 f. 15. 

 Alps of Savoy and Switzerland, Germany. B. M. 



8. Ereb. Pvrriia. 



Papilio Pyrrha Wien. Verz. p. 1 67. ; Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 



III. pt. 1. t. 237. n. 741.; Hiibner, Setim. Eur. Pap. 



fig. 235, 236. 616. ; Oclusenh. Schm. v. Eur. i. p. 267. 



n. 46. ; Freyer, A\ Beitr. t. 31. f. 3, 4. and t. 91. f. 



4. ; Godart, Lep. France, 11. t. 1 5. fig. 3, 4: 

 Satyrus Machabaus Herbst, Schm. t. 209. f. 5, 6. ; Godart, 



Enc. M. IX. p. 535. n. 153. 

 Var. P. Ccecilia Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 213, 214. 

 Var. P. Manto Esp. Schm. i. t. 70. Cont. 20. f. 2, 3. 

 Var. P. Bubastis Meisner, Freyer, N. Beitr. t. 38. f. 1. 

 Papilio Morio Giorna, Cal. Ent. p. 102. 

 Papilio Petrosus De Prunner, Lep. Ped. p. 71. 

 Papilio Mauresius Esper, Schm. t. 113. Cont. 68. f. 4, 5. 

 Alps, Pyrenees, (iermany. B. M. 



