382 



SATYRID^. 



Labial Palpi densely hairy in front, porrected obliquely, scarcely reaching to the level of the top of the eyes, but 

 porrected to the length of the head ; terminal joint small, slender-oval, hairy. 

 Thorax very hairy. 



Fore Wings elongate-triangular. The fore margin scarcely arched ; the apex rounded. Apical margin convex, 

 entire, about two thirds of the length of the costal. Inner margin straight, not quite so long as the apical. 

 Veins arranged as in Erebia, except that, in consequence of the greater length and narrowness of the wing, the 

 discoidal cell is narrowed and elongated to some distance beyond the middle ; the middle and outer 

 disco-cellular veins (the upper one being obsolete) forming a nearly continuous, oblique, slightly curved line. 



Hind Wings also elongated, so that they extend considerably beyond the inner angle of the fore wings. The 

 costal margin nearly straight. The outer margin rounded, entire, or but slightly scalloped. Anal margin 

 entire. Veins an-anged as in Erebia, except that the discoidal cell is elongated and narrow, extending 

 considerably beyond the middle of the wing. The upper disco-cellular vein is also much elongated, and the 

 lower one as long as the space between the base of the third branch of the median vein and the point of its 

 junction with the outer disco-cellular. 



Fore Legs of the male very small and slender, densely clothed to the tip with long loose hairs. The femur about 

 as long as the tibia, and the tarsus as the tibia. 



Four Hind Legs short. Fenmr rather thick, very hairy beneath. Tibia clothed all over with long loose hairs ; 

 tibial spurs long and acute. Tarsi armed beneath and at the sides with rows of spines. Ungues curved, long, 

 simple, and very acute. Paronychia and pulvillus small. 

 Abdomen small, slender, hairy. 



This is a group of dull-looking butterflies, which are at once distinguished from tlie rest of the present family, partly by the more 

 elongate form of the wings, the shorter inner margin of tlie anterior, which occasions a deeper incision between their posterior 

 angle and the outer angle of the hind wings, partly by the wings being less densely clothed with scales than ordinary, and partly by 

 the pale, livid, or obscure colours of the wings, and the hind ones marked with paler veins beneath. The latter characters, as Boisduval 

 fancifully remarks, " semblent annoncer qu'ils sont nes la oil la nature exjiire ; " and, in fact, with the exception of Ch. Aello (which is 

 found flying over the glaciers of the Alps of Tyrol and Suabia), the species of this genus inhabit the inhospitable climes of Lapland, 

 Kamtschatka, the north of Siberia, Greenland, Iceland, and Labrador ; and hence the generic name given to them by Boisduval, 

 which means frequenters of the snow. No species has hitherto been brought from the Antarctic regions, although, as Boisduval 

 suggests, some may occur in the southern Alpine regions of South America, in consequence of the similarity which exists between some 

 of the insects of that country and of Northern Europe. 



One of the most peculiar characters which I have observed in the group consists in the very hairy condition of the four hind legs ; 

 the tibia being thickly clothed with long hairs, as well as the under side of the thighs. In the veins of the wings, the chief peculiarity 

 exists in the greater elongation of the discoidal cell of all the wings, and of the upper disco-cellular vein of the hind wings. 



The species form two groups; those with the wings ornamented with ocelli, such as Ch. Norma, Aello, Balder, Jutta, and Tarpeia; 

 and those without, including Ch. Bootes, Bore, CEno, and Also. 



CHIONOBAS. 



1. Chion. Aeixo. 



Papilio Aello Esper, Schyn. i. t. 115. Cont. 70. f. 1. ; Hiilm. 



Europ. Schm. Pap. f. 141, U'J. 519—521., Siippl. 125, 



126.; Ochsenhcim. Schni. v. Europ. i. p. 1 J)9. n. 16'.; 



Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 518. n. 15. ; Boisduval, Icon. 



Hist. t. 3(). f. 1 — 3. ; Duponchel, Pap. Fr. Suppl. i. 



pi. 31. f. 1—3. 

 Papilio Noma Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 141. 

 Alps, Tyrol, Savoy. B. M. 



2. Chion. Norna. 



Papilio Norna Tliiinberg, Diss. Acad. Ins. Su. ii. p. !i6. t. 5. 



f. 11. ; Espcr, Schm. i. t. 108. Cont. 63. f. 4. ; Ochsenh. 



Schm. V. Europ. i. p. 201. n. 17. ; Godart, Enc. M. ix. 



p. 518. n. 11 6.; Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 142*. 



614, 615. 763—766.; Boisduval, Icon. Hist. t. 36. f. 



4 — 6. ; Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. gOl. n. 4. ; Duponch. 



Pap. Fr. Suppl. I. pi. 31. f. 4, 5. 

 Var. Papilio Celseno Hiibner, Europ. Schm. Pap. {. 152, 



153. 

 Var. Papilio Hilda Schneider, Mag. iv. t. 414. n. 3.; 



Quensel, Act. Holm. 1791, P- 272. t. 9- f. 7, 8. 

 Lapland, Norway. B. M. 



3. Chion. Tarpeia. 



Papilio Tarpeia Fahrieius, Mant. Ins. ii. p. 32. n. 338., 

 Ent. Si/st. III. pt. 1. p. 214. n. 669. ; Esper, Schm. i. 

 t. 83. i'ont. 33. f. I, 2. ; Duponchel, Pap. Fr. Suppl. 

 pi. 31. f. 6, 7. ; Freycr, N. Heitr. pi. 427. f. 3, 4. ; 

 Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 519. "• 118.; Boisduval, Ind. 

 Melh. p. 29. n. 229. ; Ochsenh. Schm. v. Eur. 1. p. 203. 



n. 18.; Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 779—782., Suppl. 

 f. 61—64. 

 Pap. Celimene Cramer, Pap. t. 375. f. D. E. 

 Siberia, Eastern Russia. 



4. Chion. Urda. 



Hipparchia Urda Eversmann in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. 

 Mosc. 1847, HI. p. 69. tab. 2. f. 1—4. ; H. Schdffer, 

 Suppl. Hiibn. Schm. Eur. Pap. pi 97. f. 461—463. 

 Dauria. 



5. Chion. Jutta. 



Pap. Jutta i/iVftn. Schm. Eur. Pap. Suppl. f. 116. 118.; 



Boisduval, Icon. Hist. p. I9. 187. 3. tab. 38. f. 1, 2. 



(m.) 3, 4. (f.) ; Duponchel, Pap. Fr. Suppl. i. pi. 40. 



f. 3, 4. ; Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 902. n. 5. 

 Papilio Norna var. Ochsenhcim. 1. p. 202. 

 Lapland, Norway. 



6. Chion. Balder. 



Satyrus Balder Boisduval, Icon. Hist. t. 3(). f. 1 — 3. ; 



Boisd. et Leconte, Icon. Lep. Am. Sept. p. 21 6. ; Duponch. 



Lep. France, Suppl. t. 49. f. 4, 5. ; Guerin-Mcnev. 



Icon. R. An. Ins. t. 80. f. 1. ; Zetterst. Ins. Lapp. p. 



902. n. 6.; Hiibner, Zutr. ex. Sch. f. gsi, 982.; H. 



Schliffer, Suppl. Hiibn. Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 384, 385, 



386. 

 (Fern.) Pap. Jutta Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 6l4, 615. 

 Polar Regions, Hudson's Bay, Lapland. B, M. 



7. Chion. Boote.s. 



Satyrus Bootes Boisduval, Icon. Hist. t. 37. f. 4, 5, 6. ; 



