SATYRUS. 



389 



The fore legs offer a still greater amount of variation. The description given above is taken from S. Semele ; but in S. Janira they 

 are shorter (although conspicuous), and very slightly pilose, with the tarsal portion in the males short and slightly compressed, but 

 rather longer in the females and articulated. In other respects they are nearly alike in size and appearance. In S. Tithonus they are 

 very minute in both sexes, but rather larger in the females, and very slightly hairy in the tarsal part, more elongated than in the male, 

 and thick at the tip. The same minuteness of size also occurs in S. Hyperanthus. Dr. Ilerrick Schiiffer has also pointed out another 

 character separating the Satyri into two divisions, which he considers as genera, namely, the rounded and entire, or emarginatc 

 condition of the anal margin of the hind wings ; those species in wliich it is entire constituting his genus Satyrus, whilst for those in 

 which it is incised he employs the generic name Epinephele, proposed for some of them by Hiibner. 



M. Marloy has published a short notice upon the Larvas of these insects in the " Annales " of the Frencli Entomological Society for 

 1838, stating that the chief cause why they are so seldom met with is that they conceal themselves and remain inactive during the day, 

 but come forth to feed by night, when they may be found in great numbers witli the help of a lamp. The Caterpillars of S. Circe, 

 Briseis, Fidia, and Semele form large cocoons under ground, composed of grains of earth fastened together with a little silk. Their 

 Chrysalides are short, ovoid, glabrous, with the head obtuse and tail pointed. S. Ma3ra and Janira difier from the preceding in having 

 the Chi-ysalis naked, angular, with the head bifid, and suspended head downwards; the latter circumstance also takes place with 

 S. Hyperanthus, Tithonus, &e. 



The Larva of S. Tithonus, according to M. Boisduval, has the hairs of the body bifid. The night-feeding Caterpillars of S. Circe, 

 Briseis, Fidia, and Semele, observed by M. Marloy, are of a firm texture, which contrasts with the soft-bodied Caterpillars of the other 

 species. They feed indifferently on different kinds of grasses ; they are never found in society, are extremely slow in their movements, 

 and almost naked. It is in the months of March, April, and May, that they may generally be found, as they undergo the Chrysalis 

 state in the month of June. 



M. Marloy has given detailed descriptions of the Caterijillars of S. Briseis, Semele, and Fidia (op. cit. p. 267.); and those of S. 

 Proserpina, Hermione, Phaidra, Janira, and Hyperanthus are figured by Hiibner. Lewin, Moses Harris, Godart, Freyer, Boisduval, 

 and Duponehel have also represented the transformations of several of tlie preceding species, as well as those of S. Tithonus and 

 Circe, in their works on the Lepidoptera of Europe. 



Tlie species have a wide range over the whole of Europe, extending also to India and Egypt ; but I am not aware of any species 

 which inhabit the New World, except among the doubtful species placed at the end of the following list. 



SATYRUS. 



1. Sat. Acta;a. 



Papilio Actsea Espcr, Sclmi. t. 57- Cont. 7- f- !• a. (but 

 not of Fabricius) ; Hiibner, Europ. Schm. Pap. f. 151, 

 152. ClO, 611.; Ochsaih. Schm. v. Eur. i. p. IQS., iv. 

 p. 20. ; Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 522. n. 121., Lep. de 

 France, i. t. 7. ; Boisduval, Ind. M. n. 23fc>. 

 Var. Pap. Podarcc Ochsenh. Sch. v. Eur. i. p. 195. ; 

 Hilbner-H. Schiiffer, Suppl. f 49—51. ; Freyer, N. B. 

 pi. 4(i3. f. 3, 4. 

 South of France, Spain, Portugal, Germany. B. l\I. 



2. Sat. Cordula. 



Papilio Cordula Fabricius, Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 226. 



n. 708. ; Ochsenh. Schm. v. Enr. i. p. igO., iv. p. 20. ; 



Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 619, 620. ; Godart, Enc. 



M. IX. p. 521. n. 122., Li'-p. de France, ii. t. 12.; 



Boisduval, Ind. Meth. n. 237. 

 Pap. Bryce Hiibner, Schm. Europ. Pap. f. 724 — 727. 



969, 970. (m.) 619, 620. (f.) ; Herr. Sch. Suppl. f. 



619, 620. 

 Pap. Proserpina Cyrill. Ent. JVcap. i. t. 2. f. 11. 

 Pap. Cyrillus Herbst, Schm. t. 206. f. 1, 2. 

 Pap. Hippolytus Herbst, Schm. t. 201. f. 3, 4. 

 Pap. Acta;a Fabricius, Ent. Syst. lu. pi. I. p. 225. 



n. 705. (but not of Esper.) 

 Pap. Ferula Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ni. pt. 1. p. 225. 



n. 705. 

 P. N. G. Proserpina Cyrill. Ent. Neap. t. 2. f. 11. 

 Var. fern. P. Pseas Esper, Schm. i. t. 112. Cont. 67. f. 1. ; 



Hiibner, Europ. Schm. Pap. f. 132, 133., Suppl. {H. 



Sch.) f. 176. 

 Alps. B. M. 



3. Sat. Brvce. 



Papilio Bryce Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 149. 15. (m.) ; 



Ochsenh. Schm. v. Eur. i. p. 188. ; Godart, Enc. M. ix. 



p. 522. n. 123., Pap. Fr. 11. t. 12. f. 1, 2. 

 (Male) Papilio Actica var. Esper, Schm. t. 85. f. 4. 

 (Female) Papilio Hippodice Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 



718, 719., Suppl. (H. Schiiffer) f. 53—58. 

 Satyrus Cordula var. Boisduval, Ind. Meth. n. 237- 

 South Russia. 



1'. Sat. ViRBius. 



Satyrus Virbius Herr. Sehiiff. Suppl Hiibn. f. 45 — 48., 



Syst. Bearb. p 79- ; Freyer, AK Ucitr. t. 463. f. 1, 2. 

 An Satyrus Bryce var. ? 

 South Russia. 



5. Sat. C'vclopius. 



Hipparchia Cyclopias Eversmann in Bull. Soc. Imji. Nat. 

 Mosc. 1844, p. .590. t. 14. f. 3. 

 Irkutzk. 



6. Sat. Abd-el-Kader. 



Satyrus Abd-el-Kader Pierret in Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 

 VI. p. 19. pi. 1. f. 5, 6. ; Lucas, Expl. Alger. Lep. pi. 2. 

 f. 3. 3 a. 



Algeria. 



7. Sat. Ph«dra. 



Papilio Phaidra Linntcus, Syst. Nat. 11. p. 773. n. 150. ; 



Fabricius, Ent. Syst. m. pt. 1. p. 233. n. 729.; 



Ochsenh. Schm. v. Eur. i. p. 186., iv. p. 20. ; Godart, 



Enc. M. IX. p. 523. n. 126., Lepid. de France, i. t. 7. ; 



Boisduval, Ind. Meth. n. 238. ; Hiibner, Europ. Schm. 



Pap. f. 127—129. larva?. Nymph F. f. 3. a. ; Steph. 



III. H. I. p. 56. n. X ; Wood, Ind. Ent. t. 53. f. 13. 

 Papilio Athene Borlihausen, i. t. 7l. 

 Papilio Briseis Esper, Schm. t. 6. f. 1. 

 Papilio Dryas Scopoli, Ent. Cam. p. 153. 429. ; Schneider, 



Syst. Bcschr. p. 100. 

 France, (iermany. B. M. 



8. Sat. Fidia. 



Papilio Fidia Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 11. p. 770. n. 138. ; 

 Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 111. pt. 1. p. 225. n. 706. ; Hiibner, 

 Europ. Schm. Pap. f. 1 1'7, 148.; Ochsrnhcim. Schm. r. 

 Eur. I. p. 179., IV. p. 20.; Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 

 520. n. 120., Lip. de France, 11. t. 1 1. f. 3, 4. ; Boisduval, 

 Ind. Meth. n. 239. 

 France, Spain, Germany. B. M. 



9. Sat. Fauna. 



Papilio Fauna Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1. ]). 226. 



n. 709. ; Esper, Schmett. i. t. 29., Suppl. 5. ; Godart, 



Enc. M. IX. p. 520. n. 121., Lep. de France, i. t. 7. ; 



Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 107-109. 145, 146., 



Suppl. f. 177. 192, 193. 

 Pap. Statilinus Hufnaylc, May. 11. p. 84. ; Ochsenh. Schm. v. 



Europ. I. p. 184. ; Herbst, Schm. t. 200. f. 5, 6. ; 



Freyer, AL Beitr. pi. 499. f. 2, 3. 

 Pap. Araehne Jf^ien. Verz. p. 1 69. ; Hiibner, Verz. n. 540. 

 Var. Pap. AUionia Fabricius, Ent. Syst. in. pt. 1. p. 104. 



n.322.; Cyrilli, Ent. A^eap. sp. l.'t. 2. f. 13. ; Ochsenh. 



Schm. v. Europ. 1. p. 181., iv. p. 20. ; Hiibner. Enr. 



Schm. Pap. f. 510, 511. 818, SiO 



