498 



LYa^NIDiE. 



Eind Wings ovate, with the anal angle more prominent than in Lycrena : the extremity of the lirst branch of the 

 median vein is also often produced into a slight angle, especially in the males ; marked beneath with black 

 sjTOts similar to those of the fore wings. 

 Fore Legs nearly alike in size in both sexes, scaly. The tibije armed with numerous short acute spines, set on 

 irregularly, tiie tip not produced into a hook. The under side of the tarsi also armed with still more uumei'ous 

 spines ; those of the male exarticulate, and terminating in an obliquely curved horny point ; those of the 

 female articulated, the first joint about equal in length to all the others united, and rather swollen ; terminal 

 joint armed with acute ungues, rather dilated and angulated near the base. Pseudonychia moderate-sized, 

 strongly bifid, the divisions conical, finely setose. Pulvillus large. 

 Four Hind Legs rather short. Basal joint of the tarsi long, and often swollen in the males 

 appendages formed as in the fore legs. 



C^r£i?P7ii^i? elongate-ovate, swollen, onisciform, generally finely hairy, head small; 



grasses, and low herbage. 

 Chrysalis short, thick, and entire, with the head-case obtuse. 



Ungues and their 



feeding upon docks, 



This group is unquestionably very closely allied to Lycfena; but the splendid coppery colours of the upper surface of the wings, the 

 naked eyes, and the very spinose feet, seem to warrant their generic separation. The confusion in the employment of the synonymous 

 terms Lycrena and Polyommatus for two separate genera has induced me, for reasons set forth in my work on the British butterflies, to 

 ailopt Hiibner's expressive name for the present group ; a plan which has been followed by Mr. Stephens in his recent catalogue of the 

 British species. The species are natives of Europe and North America. The northern parts of India and the Himalayan range have 

 also afforded a species very close to, if not identical with, our small British species C. Phteas ; and Mr. E. Doubleday has described a 

 species from New Zealand ; whilst C. Orus and another allied species inhabit Southern Africa. Some of the species, C. Helle, 

 Hiere, &c., have the upper side of the wings brilliautly glossed with blue, whilst the female of C. Xanthe has the upper side of the wings 

 of an almost uniform brown colour. L. Phla^as, one of the most elegant of our small British butterflies, which frequents footpaths, 

 commons, pastures, &c., is one of the most pugnacious of insects, keeping up a constant warfare with its fellows. It is remarkable for 

 the dilated basal joint of the four hind tarsi of the males; a character, I believe, not previously observed. 



Papilio Ballus, which has been generally added to the present genus, will form a very distinct subgenus, characterised not only by 

 the peculiarity of its colours (the male having the wings on the upper side brown, with a few small spots of orange near the anal angle 

 of the hind wings, whilst the female has the fore wings orange, with a dentated brown margin, and the hind ones brown, with a 

 lai-ge orange patch ), but also from its hairy eyes, very bristly palpi, with the last joint minute ; the ui)per discoidal vein of the fore 

 wings branching from the postcostal at a considerable distance beyond the discoidal ceU. The legs arc also singularly formed, with 

 thickened femora and very short tibia;, strongly spurred at the tips. 



The curious insect figured in our Plate LXXVII. f. 8., under the specific name of Tarquinlus, must also form another subgenus, 

 from its naked eyes, long, slender, very slightly setose palpi, antenna; gradually clavatc, with the joints short and not ringed with 

 white, and the upper discoidal vein of the fore wings arising in the same manner as in C. Ballus. 



CHRYSOPHANUS. 



1. Cnn. Thoe lioisdiival et Lccontc, Up. Am. Si'iitr. pi. 38. f. 1 — 3. 



(Polyommatus Th.) ; Guirin, Iconugr. R. An. Ins. ^\. 

 81. f. 4, 5. 

 United States, N. America. 



2. Chb. Epixanthe Boisduval et Lecnnte, Lcp. Am. Seplr. pi. 38. f. 



4, 5. (Polyommatus E.). 

 United States, N. America. 



3. Chr. Doecas Kirby, Fmin. Bor.-Amer. Insects, p. 299- pi. 4. f. 1. 



(Lycicna D. ). 

 Northern parts of America. 



4. Chu. Pul^as Linna-us, Syst. Nat. ii. p. 793. (Papilio P.); Hiibner, 



Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 362, S63. ; Godart, Enc. M. i.\. ]). 



C70., Lfp. France, i. pi. 10. f. 1. ; Gerhard, Lyc(en. pi. 



.5. f. 4. (var.) pi. 5. f. 3. 

 Papilio virgaurea; (female) Scopoli, Ent. Cam. p. 181. 

 Var. (female) Papilio Timseus Cramer, I'ap. t. 140'. f. 



E. F. 

 Var. turcicus Gerhard, Lycien. pi. 5. f. ."i. 

 Europe, Nova Scotia, United States, Himalayas. B. M 



5. Cnn. viRfiAURE/E Linnceus, Syst. Nat. Ji. p. 793- (Papilio v.) ; 



Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 349—351. 884—887.; 

 Lewin, Brit. Butt. t. 41. f. 1, 2. ; Godart, Enc. M. rx. 

 p. e69., Lip. France, i. pi. 9- f- 6. pi. 10. f. 4. ; 

 Gerhard, Lyceen. pi. 6. f. 4. 

 Var. Lyca;na Oranula Freyer, N. Beitr. pi. 455. f. 1,2. 

 Europe. B. M. 



(i. Cnn. HiPpoTHoE I.innaus, Syst. Nat. 11. p. 793. (Papilio II.) ; 

 Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 352—354. ; Godart, Enc. 

 M. IX. p. 6G8., Lip. France, i. pi. 9. f. 5. pi. 10. f. 3. 

 Europe. B. M. 



7. Chb. dispab Haworth, Lep. Britann. p. 40. (Papilio d.) ; Curtis, 



Brit. Ent. i. pi. 12. ; Westwood ^ Humph r. Brit. Butt. 

 pi. 29. ; Hiibner-Geyer, Schm. Eur. f. 966 — 968. 

 Papilio Hippothoe Lewin, Brit, Butt. t. 40. 

 England. B. M. 



8. Chr. Cubvseis Fabricius, Mant. Ins. 11. p. 79- (Papilio C.) ; 



Hiibner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 337, 338. 355. ; Godart, 



Enc. M. IX. p. C67., Lip. France, pi. 9. f. 4. pi. 10. 



f. 2. 

 Papilio Eurydice Borkh. Schm. p. 143. 

 Papilio Hippothoe Esper, Schm. t. 22. f. 3. (var.) ; Gerhard, 



Lyccen. pi. 8. f. 1. a, b, c, d. 

 Europe, England. B. M. 



9. Cutt. CANDE.ss H. Schiiff. Suppl. Hiibner, Schm. Eur. Pap. f. 229- 



231. 355, 356. (Polyommatus C). 

 Var. P. Dido Bischoff ; Gerhard, Lyccen, pi. 8. f. 2. 

 Asia Minor. 



10. Chr. Ottomanus Lefebvre in Guirin, May. Ent. pi. 19- (Polyomm. 



O.) ; H. Schiiff. Suppl. Hiibn. f. 232, 233. 238, 239. ; 

 Brulli, Exp. Morie, pi. 45. f. 4. 4 a.; Gerhard, Lycmn. 

 pi. 6. f. 1. 

 Lycfena Legeri Freyer, Beitr. pi. 133. f. ]. 

 Turkey. 



11. Chb. Asabinus H. Schiiff. Suppl. Hiibn. I'ap. f. 52.5 — 528. (Poly- 



ommatus A.) ; Gerhard, Lyccm. pi. 9- f. 3. 

 Turkey. 



12. Chr. ionitus H. Schiiff. Suppl. Hiibn. Pap. f. 332. (Polyommatus 



I.); Gerhard, Lycten. pi. 6. f. 2. 

 Mount Ararat, Turkey. 



