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REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 185 
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 
nearly aj] in the pupal condition, and that in every case these had been broken in some 
way; and the oiliness was apparently due to the fat of the body running between the 
two halves of the pea and saturating the skin. If it be found by others that peas can 
be threshed with horses conveniently and that they get peas which are worth five cents 
a bushel more, which is the price offered by Mr. Niles in his last circular to growers, 
this may be an inducement to thresh at once and not wait for the threshing machine. 
Substitute Crops.—In those localities where the cultivation of peas has been aban- 
doned, there is a constant demand for advice as to the best similar crop to grow as a 
substitute. Of the leguminous or nitrogen-collecting plants, perhaps the most popular 
is the pea-like plant known by the name of the Grass Pea, or Chickling Vetch 
(Lathyrus sativus, L.). This has been largely grown and has given considerable satis- 
faction in certain sections. It is not favoured by the grain merchants, because there is 
no demand for it for export; but, when grown for feed, it has given such satisfaction 
that in some counties of western Ontario it is used for all purposes for which field peas 
were formerly grown. It is also claimed to give a crop of excellent seed entirely free 
from the Pea Weevil, of from 10 to 30 bushels to the acre. he season of 1902 was 
not at all suited to the best development of this plant, but it should not for this reason 
be condemned. Messrs. John A. Bruce & Co., of Hamilton, Ont., who have handled 
much of this grain, inform me that ‘the Grass Pea has been grown to a limited extent 
in Wentworth, Lincoln and Haldimand for half a century or more, and the acreage has 
been largely increased the past three seasons, from its having been grown as a substitute 
for the field pea. This increased interest is due to the fact of its being bug-proof. The 
crop in this vicinity is a comparative failure this season. There was an abundance of 
vine but few peas.’ This was a pretty general report from all sections, and, as stated 
above, the field crops in some places were attacked late in the season by the Destructive 
Pea Aphis. Other leguminous crops which may be grown instead of peas are tares or 
vetches, and various kinds of clover. Early varieties of Soja Bean have also given 
good results, and Mr. Zavitz, of the Ontario Agricultural College, strongly recommends 
farmers to grow the grain which formerly was grown in Canada under the name of 
Speltz, but which is now designated by its proper name of Emmer. 
LOCUSTS. 
Locusts or grasshoppers appeared again in Manitoba in the same districts as during 
the past two years, but, owing to the season, except in certain districts as around Sewell, 
the injury was not excessive. They appeared early in May, and Mr. H. McKellar, who 
is well informed on the subject, at once published 
articles in all the Winnipeg newspapers, advising 
farmers in infested localities what to do to counteract 
their attacks. Later in the year the crop of the pro- 
vince was so enormous that little was heard of their 
depredations, atthe sametime, where careful observations 
Kig. 5.—The Common or Red- were made, it was abundantly evident that Manitoban 
ea far ill require to be on the alert and be prepared 
armers will require to be on the alert and be prepare 
in ordinary years to follow the example of those farmers who have saved their crops in 
the worst districts by practising the methods which have been advised. Mr. Norman 
Criddle, of Aweme, has continued his experiments in the use of poisoned mixtures. His 
experience during the past season in improving these is of so much importance to 
farmers who may have their crops attacked by locusts, that I reproduce in full a valu- 
able report which he has sent me. This is equally applicable in Manitoba and in the 
other provinces. Considerable injury was done by grasshoppers in some sections of 
Ontario in 1902, and I would earnestly urge Ontario farmers to try the Criddle mixture 
described below, should these insects again appear next year. I have seen on several 
occasions the beneficial effects of this treatment and commend it most heartily. It 
should be applied promptly on the first appearance of grasshoppers in undue numbers. 
