REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 193 
Still, every year for some time past, there have been fewer pease owned and sowed by 
the farmers themselves. The company pease, which are treated for the bug, have 
replaced the others. This must necessarily have its effect for good. I have no doubt 
that the pease had more bugs in them than was generally supposed, as the fancy pease 
grown here are cut and marketed early, before the weevil has developed much or can be 
detected, and the pease are generally treated for the bugs as soon as they are marketed.” 
Late sowing is sometimes recommended as a preventive remedy, but is more or less 
uncertain in its good effects according to the season, and has never become very popular, 
although the method has always a few adherents in all districts visited, the idea, of 
course, being to delay the development of the pease until after the season when the 
weevils lay their eggs. The chief danger is that late sown pease are apt to be attacked 
by the ordinary white mildew of the pea, which reduces considerably the crop. 
I quote from my annual report for 1890, a statement by Mr. J. H. Allan, of 
Picton, Ont., one of the best informed authorities in the pea trade :—‘“ Many of ow 
farmers sow the late sorts of pease late in the season—say, the first part of June—with 
goo l results: 1 have seen a field of Golden Vine pease sown early in May. The crop 
was literally filled with bugs. The neighbour of this farmer planted his in June, and 
his crop had none. I would say, plant as late as possible ; but this will not answer for 
all kinds. The extra early varieties must be put in as early as possible to insure a 
paying crop.”—(Report of Ent. and Bot., C. EH. F. Report, 1890, p. 173.) 
** Weston, York Co., Ont., March 8:—The pea weevil, which eats out the centre 
of the pease in the barn, around here destroys about one-quarter of the crop. Some 
people sow late to escape the weevil, but they do not get half the crop as when they sow 
early. To sum up, if you sow early, you get a good crop of pease and weevil. Sow late, 
you get a poor crop of pease and few weevils. We sow about forty acres of pease on 
our 250 acre farm.”—[J. La F. Stonehouse. | 
Remedies.—Bisulphide of Carbon.— Where the crop is large, undoubtedly the wisest 
course to adopt in districts where the pea weevil occurs, is to fumigate whe pease with 
bisulphide of carbon as a regular practice as soon as possible after harvesting. In this 
way, any weevils contained in the pease will be destroyed in the grub state before they 
have consumed much of the substance of the pease in which they are undergoing their 
transformations. This may be done by placing the infested seed, according {o the 
quantity to be treated, in some suitable receptacle, as a tight barrel, box or bin, or, if 
the quantity is large, in a specially prepared building. Mr. Allan describes his method, 
which is practically that generally adopted, as follows: ‘“ Nearly every large grower has 
a building for the purpose. If properly made, it works well. The whole building must 
be very tight to be of any use. Some use tin, others cement and paint and paper lining, 
with a double floor and tarred paper between. The pan we use to put the carbon bi- 
sulphide in is about three feet across and only about four inches deep. The chemical is 
thus exposed to more air than it would be ina deep dish, from which it could not 
evaporate quickly enough to do good service. I put my pan up close to the ceibing 
above the pease, because the vapour, being so much heavier than air, works down 
through them. We fill the building with bags as close as possible up to where the pan 
hangs, empty the bisulphide into the pan and get out as quickly as possible, close the 
door up tightly and leave it for 48 hours. This must be done in warm weather, as the 
liquid does not vaporize well when the temperature is lower than 10 degrees above zero.” 
(C. £. F. Report, 1890, loc. cit.) 
Perhaps the most convenient receptacle for treating weevilly pease, for farmers, is 
an ordinary 45 gallon coal oil barrel, into which 5 bushels of pease may be put at 
a time; the quantity of bisulphide of carbon which has been found necessary is one 
ounce to every hundred pounds of seed ; therefore, for the above quantity three ounces 
should be poured into some flat pan placed on the top of the seed or sprinkled over the 
surface, and the barrel covered closely, first with a thick cloth or canvas which has 
been damped in, water, and then with boards. The barrel should be in an outside shed 
and left closed for 48 hours. . 
Bisulphide of carbon is a colourless liquid which voiatilizes very readily at ordinary 
temperatures ; the vapour, which is quite invisible but has a strong unpleasant 
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