REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 217 
for such an extremely small insect, it can travel fairly fast. I have timed them, when 
nearly an inch per minute was covered. As a matter of fact, I have found newly set 
scales 13 inches from the mother insect, and I see no reason why in many cases the dis- 
tance should not be much greater. One can readily see, therefore, how rapid would be 
the spread among nursery stock. In stating that the spread, as far as new trees were. 
concerned, was not very marked, it must, of course, be borne in mind how difficult it is 
—indeed almost impossible—to detect a fresh case where a few isolated scales only are 
on the tree. Quite recently I saw an English Damson tree some eight years old with 
one of the upper branches slightly atttacked, the fruit also showing scale. This tree 
was not contiguous to any infested trees, nor were the scales present on the trunk or 
lower limbs. The scale had evidently been carried by birds or other insects. This sort 
of thing may exist undetected in many instances, and the following season witness the 
usual rapid spread of the pest on all such trees. Ina favourable season it is probable 
that four broods would occur in this latitude. They probably commenced breeding 
here about the middle of June, and although the cold weather of the last day or two has 
checked any activity on the part of the larve, there are any quantity of them so 
recently hatched as not yet to have developed the waxy scale. Only this morning I 
took 15 young ones in various stages of development from the body of one female. 
Taking June 15 as the date of the first brood’s appearance, and assuming 39 days as the 
time for one generation (in the breeding case here, the time occupied was from 36 to 39 
days) the fourth brood would commence emerging on October 10 and under favourable 
autumn conditions doubtless many of this last brood would develop sufficiently to winter 
over as half-grown females. I have watched carefully for any sign of the little lady- 
bird (Pentilia misella) which has done such good work on the San José Scale in Cali- 
fornia and even in the Eastern States, but have failed to see a single specimen. The 
Twice-stabbed Lady-bird (Chilocorus bivulnerus) I have found on infested trees, both in 
the larval and adult forms, but not in sufficient numbers to render it of any economic 
importance this season. The food plants upon which I have seen scale in this district 
are: the pear, the peach, the plum (both of the domestic and Japanese types) and the 
red currant. 
“In conclusion, I may express my belief that the scale is liable to be a serious 
menace to Canadian horticulture, unless the most stringent measures are adopted to 
stamp it out of the few orchards where it exists, and the strongest precautions taken to 
prevent the sale and the planting of infested nursery stock. 
“November 20.—I send a few additional notes on the orchard infested by San José 
Scale near here :— 
First saw the trees on July 3. Breeding had probably been going on for some time 
prior to this ; scales of all ages were found and the larvee were commencing to set on 
the young fruit. 
July 10.—By this date some of the plums and many of the leaves were almost 
covered with scales. 
July 26.—Some of the badly infested leaves dropping, and fruit and leaves showing 
marked red discoloration. 
October 9.—Frost enough to shrivel a large proportion of the grape foliage. 
October 13.—Warm and sunny. Breeding very active. Found from 20 to 30 
Pentilia misella beetles on one badly infested tree, and over 30 on another. First time 
of observing these beetles. One Pentilia larva also apparently full grown. 
Sprayed one badly infested tree with pure kerosene—a good soaking. 
October 17.—Hard frost, quarter of an inch of ice. 
October 18.—Breeding still active. Sprayed tree, apparently uninjured. Cut bark 
from four different parts of the tree, and a microscopic examination showed that every 
scale was dead. 
October28.— Breeding still going on. Pentilia beetles and Chilocorus bivulnerus 
both seen. (Have never found more than three or four of the latter on any one tree.) 
November 19.—Cold and wet lately. No larve moving and no beetles. 
“Now about the spread. These Abundance trees were planted in the spring of 1895. 
T should infer that at time of planting ten trees were infested, because there were just 
