its base is formed of a pleiocene limestone, about fifteen feet 

 thick and composed of the debris of marine shells; above this is 

 the stratum of ferruginous sand, of post-pleiocene age, contain- 

 ing numerous pebbles and rolled fragments of bone all blackened 

 like the tooth obtained from the same position. Overylying the 

 latter stratum, there is a layer of stiff blue clay, about two feet 

 in thickness, and above this there are about twelve feet of sand 

 and earth-mould. 



" A similar blackened tooth was obtained from the same for- 

 mation at Doctor's Swamp, John's Island. 



" Figure 4 represents a very remarkably well preserved speci- 

 men of a lower molar above referred to, from Georgia, where it 

 was discovered by J. H. Couper, in association with equally well 

 preserved remains of other extinct animals. The tooth is brown 

 in color; and it neither differs in size nor form from its homo- 

 logue in the recent Horse. 



" In the collection of fossils of Prof. Holmes, there is the spe- 

 cimen of an upper first large molar, labelled from Texas, repre- 

 sented in figure 5. The tooth is of the largest comparative size, 

 and exhibits the highest degree of complexity in the folding of 

 its enamel; in both of which characters it differs in such a re- 

 markable degree from the corresponding tooth, represented in 

 figure 5, from the post-pleiocene formation of South-Carolina, 

 that it appears hardly possible that these two teeth should be- 

 long to the same species of horse. 



"A remarkably well preserved specimen of an upper molar 

 tooth, jet black in color, and an incisor, yellow and quite friable 

 in texture, both belonging to the extinct horse, from North-Car- 

 olina, have been submitted to my inspection by Prof. Emmons. 



"Among the most interesting of the fossils discovered by Prof. 

 Holmes, in the post-pleiocene beds of the Ashley River, are two 

 molar teeth of a species of the equine genus Hippotherium. These 

 are the first remains of the latter discovered in America, and they 

 indicate the smallest known species. 



" Both specimens are from the upper jaw; and they are well 

 characterized, not only by the isolation of the internal median 

 enamal column, but also by the complex plication of the interior 

 or central enamel columns. 



" The larger specimen is firm in texture; has the enamel stain- 

 ed jet-black, and the dentine and cement gray. 



" I have personally had the opportunity of inspecting remains 

 of the tapir, found in Texas, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, 

 Indiana, Ohio and South-Carolina, proving an extensixe range of 

 this animal atone time over the country of the United States. 



" The specimens which were presented by Dr. Carpenter to the 

 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, on close compar- 

 ison are not found to differ from the corresponding parts of the 

 living - tapir us americanus. 



