REPORT OF TEE DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY AND BOTANY 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



In Canada, east of Toronto, where there is usually only one annual brood, thorough 

 spraying with the above mixture, three or four times in spring, the first application 

 to be made within a day or two after the blossoms fall, and the subsequent sprayings, 

 each ten days apart, is a satisfactory and well-paying remedy for the Codling Moth. 

 West of Toronto there are two broods, the second of which is the more destructive. 

 It has been found that in addition to the spring spraying, as above mentioned, it is 

 there necessary to band the trees with burlap, sacking, or some other material which 

 will form a refuge in which the caterpillars will spin their cocoons. These bands 

 should be removed at short intervals of a week or ten days, after about the middle of 

 July, at which time the caterpillars begin to spin their cocoons. The caterpillars 

 within the cocoons found may be destroyed by passing the bandages through a clothes- 

 wringer carried on a wheelbarrow.* The bark beneath the band should be scraped 

 with a wire brush to kill any of the caterpillars which may have burrowed into the 

 bark. 



The value of banding the trees has been demonstrated by many writers. In 1908, 

 a small experiment was conducted in an apple orchard close to Ottawa, a part of 

 which showed infestation by the Codling Moth. Twenty trees were banded on August 

 15. The bands were removed and examined on the following dates, with the results 



as mentioned: — 



Cocoons iound. 



August 31 129 



Septembers 24: 



15. 



49 



u 60 



« so!! '.". ...'. '.'. '.'. '.'. ^ 



October 7 



" 15 



12 



23. 



13 



1 



" 30 



The windfalls under these trees were left undisturbed until after the experiment 

 ended. 



The White -marked Tussock Moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma S. & A. and the 

 Kusty Tussock Moth, Notolophus antiqua L.— A large number of inquiries were 

 received from the Maritime Provinces, chiefly from Nova Scotia, regarding these 

 insects. In most cases the letters were accompanied by the egg masses. Both of these 

 species, particularly the former, have been abundant in orchards in the above pro- 

 vinces 'for the last few years, and have in some instances been the cause of considerable 

 injury. The White-marked Tussock Moth is the more injurious and the better known 

 of the two, chiefly from its injuries to ornamental trees. In Montreal, Toronto, 

 Kingston and other Canadian cities it has attracted much attention from its attacks 

 to shade trees, many being entirely denuded of their foliage by the caterpillars. These 

 insects were treated of at some length in the late Dr. Fletcher's report for the year 

 ending March 31, 1908. The egg masses of these two Tussock Moths are quite different 

 in appearance. Those of the White-marked Tussock Moth are laid on or close to the 

 cocoon from which the female moth emerged and are covered with a frothy white 

 deposit, so that they cannot be seen without breaking up the mass. The eggs of the 

 Rusty Tussock Moth having no such frothy covering, are bare and easily distinguish- 



The remedies for these insects are the collection of the egg masses before 

 spring and the spraying of the trees with an arsenical poison as soon as the 

 young caterpillars are noticed. Orchards that are regularly sprayed with the poisoned 

 Bordeaux mixture will be kept free from the attacks of these and many other leaf- 

 eating insects. 



