Famity—PAUSSID. 73 
Herr Gueinzius also states that, with the exception of the specimens attracted by candle light, and a single 
one found in the hot sunshine sitting upon a blade of grass, all which he had taken were found in ants’ nests, 
living with species which are carnivorous ; Cerapterus, Pleuropterus, and Pentaplatarthrus, with different larger 
species ; but the true Paussi seem to live only with small species of ants; he had, indeed, found as many as 
seven distinct species of Paussi living with one and the same species of ants. The Paussi ‘appear in November, 
and last during the whole season until April. Their caustic juice is squirted out of the sides of the abdomen ; 
part of it evaporates immediately as a blue smoke, distinctly visible by sun light; the remainder covers both 
sides of the elytra, and remains as a whitish or pale yellow unctuous matter.” He had repeatedly found P. 
Latreillii in the act of copulation in ants’ nests. The specimens are nearly always found in the part of the nest 
where the eggs and pup of the ants are deposited, and although he had never observed a Paussus in the act of 
feeding, yet, from the great and mysterious attachment which the ants shew them, he is inclined to believe they 
feed upon the spoil which the ants convey into the nests, rather than upon their eggs or pupe. He believes 
also that the eggs of the Paussi are there deposited and bred, and it is not impossible that their larvee are fed by 
ants as their own offspring. The sunny sides of the margins of forests are the places where Paussi are generally 
met with. A piece of old dry wood is seldom found without an ants’ nest beneath it; (stones get too hot in the 
sun) ; when this shelter is carefully lifted up on one side, he had often observed a Paussus (P. Dohrnii, cucullatus, 
or Latreillii) surrounded and covered with ants apparently sucking nourishment out of it, and fondling it all 
the time with their antenne, as they do the aphides and larve of Centroti and other lamellicorn Coleoptera found 
with ants. When the alarm is given in a nest, and all is hurry and bustle to save eggs and pupe, two or three 
ants will seize the sluggish Paussus by the antennz, and it is quickly hurried below with the rest. Herr Gueinzius 
could discern no difference in the odour emitted by P. ewcullatus and P. Latrei/lii, when exploding, and that which 
he perceived on opening an ants’ nest on a hot day. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. Feb. 11, 1858, 2nd Ser. vol. v. p. 3.) 
Dr. Erichson published the description of a larva, which appeared to him to be unquestionably that of a 
species of this family, having been received from Dr. Peters at Sinna, Mozambique, stuck upon a pin with a 
specimen of a Paussus, and not referrible to any other group of larve. The body is rather short, not unlike that 
of a Hister larva, but the integument is leathery, clothed with long hairs ; the nine hind segments very short, the 
last with two large conical hairy appendages, each having a small terminal joint. The small tubular anal joint 
extends backwards between these two appendages. Each of the second and following segments have on each 
side of the under surface a small conical process with long oblique hairs at the end, enabling the body to glide 
forwards; the legs are rather short, spined, the tibiew short, and the tarsi terminating in a sharp claw. The 
head is broad and flat, transversely-quadrate. The antenne have the two basal joints thick, and the third and 
fourth slender and small; the mouth is formed as in the Carabide larve. There are six ocelli on each side of 
the head ; the mandibles are strong, rather sickle-shaped, curved, and terminating in a sharp point. The larvee 
is 5’” long, and the apical appendages are 14’” long. The body is shining black, the meso- and meta-thoracie 
segments orange, the head, two terminal segments, with the two appendages and legs, chesnut coloured, and 
the hairs black. From the structure of this larva, Dr. Erichson considered that the Pausside exhibit a relation- 
ship with the Staphylinide. (Wiegmann, Archiv. f. Naturg. vol. xi. p. 275.) 
Grenus—CERAPTERUS. Swederus. 
Sus-Genus—ORTHOPTERUS. 
(Westw. Arc. Ent. ii. p. 7.) 
Sercres 1—ORTHOPTERUS STALII. Westw. 
Puate XV, Fie. 10. 
O. Smithii proximus ; totus piceus, nitidus: capite punctato ; prothorace capite multo latiori, medio foveato, 
lateribus rotundatis; elytris vage punctatis; humeris parce setosis et vix punctatis, lateribus seriatim punctis ; 
antennis et pedibus magis rufescentibus ; tibiis latis angulo apicali rotundato, setis perpaucis crassis instructo. 
Long. corp. lin. 74. 
Habitat ; Africa (Bowring). In Mus. Britann. 
The head is 1 line long, and 14 wide; the prothorax is 1} line long, and 23 wide ; and the elytra are 
54 lines long, and 3 lines wide. The antenne are 45 lines long; the third joint is rather wider than the ninth, 
the remaining joints to the extremity gradually but very slightly diminishing in width ; the width of the seventh 
L 
