Famity—PAPILIONIDE. Sus-Famity—PIERIDES. 185 
LEPIDOPTERA RHOPALOCERA. 
Famity—PAPILIONIDA. 
PAPILIO POLLUX. 
(P. Castor, Semper in Wiener Ent. Monatschr. Bd. vii. 1864, p. 281. pl. XTX.) 
In my Arcana Entomologica, vol. 11. pl. LXXX (September, 1844), I published figures of two new Indian 
species of Papilio under the names of Castor and Pollux. P. Pollux (pl. LXXX, fig. 1) has the wings above 
nearly black, with very minute whitish incisures and a large white spot near the outer angle of the hind wings 
divided into four parts by the veins. I have had a number of males of this species. The other species, P. Castor, 
is larger, with dark brown wings, the fore wings having the white incisures gradually enlarged in size to the 
inner angle, and a row of nine submarginal whitish spots; whilst the hind wings have a submarginal row of 
seven arrow-headed markings and a broad row of spots between them and the middle of the wing. These broad 
spots are cream coloured and very decided in the male in the Oxford Museum, which is altogether darker than 
the females, which have these broad spots suffused with greenish brown scales, and of larger size, especially on 
the under side, where they extend into the discoidal cell, separated by the veins, The hind wings of the male 
are of the same shape as in the female, whereas in P. Pollux, male, they are more elongated, the third branch 
of the median vein terminating in a lobe more produced than the rest. 
By all subsequent writers these two species have been erroneously considered as sexes of one and the same 
species. 
In the Wiener Entom. Monatschr., as quoted above, Mr. George Semper of Altona, adopting the same 
opinion, has published figures of a remarkable specimen of P. Pol/ux (under the name of P. Castor), of which he 
has been so good as to send me a photograph, of which both the left wings are of the ordinary female character, 
as are also the anterior half of the fore- and inner (or anal) half of the hind-wings on the right side; whilst 
more than the inner half of the fore- and the outer or costal half of the hind-wing on the same right side are 
irregularly much darker and lighter, partaking of the characters of the darker male and lighter female. 
Sus-F aminy—PIERIDES. 
PIERIS PYRRHA. 
Prats XXXYV, Fic. 1. 
This is a very interesting example of the class of monsters above described, involving also the theory of 
‘Mimicry’ which has lately been upheld to a considerable degree by the supporters of the Darwinian theory of 
Evolution. The family Pierides is typically well represented by our common garden white butterflies, white 
and yellow being the general colours of the great mass of the species, the fore wings generally also being tipped 
with black. In this particular species, the male, on the upper surface of its wings (as seen on the left side of 
figure 1), follows the normal character of the sub-family; but the female has the wings varied with orange, 
yellow, and black, and is, in fact, an excellent ‘mimic’ of some of the Heliconiide. Some traces of this colora- 
tion indeed are seen on the under side of the hind wings of the male, and are faintly visible through the wings 
when looked at from above. ‘The species is common in Brazil. 
In the individual represented in figure 1, from Mr. Hewitson’s collection, the two wings on the left side, and 
the fore wing on the right side, as well as the body, are entirely masculine; whilst the hind wing on the right 
side is, with the exception of a broad space along the costal margin, female. This space is, in the part towards 
the body, white, as in the male; whilst the outer half of the space is singularly confused with patches of white 
(male), orange, and black (female) scales. 
nv 
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