( 527 ) 



liA'inp.' nmojin' two u'l-oiips of IIk^ sniiic (I'iho, Avliicli Iiavo cxistod for 

 ;i cciidii-v and longer iiiidci" very diffcrciil circiiiiistaiiccs. 'I'licv wcvo 

 llic n.iliaiis on llic l'|)|)('r-AIalial<aiii, \\\\\\ \\ Iioiii I li\('(l for two 

 years, and llic Kcnjas on lli(> rppcr-Kajan, willi whom I spent s(Mne 

 months. 



'J'lie lril)e-ur(Hips of this name occupy toucther the np|)(M'- and 

 middle course of all thi' i'i\-ers, which fall into the sea on the 

 North coast, I»e<iimiiii,i»- w ilh tlie ri\-er UalaiiLi-Ivèdjanu-, and as far as 

 tlie East coast, iiiclndiiiü- the rixei- Mahakam. They are called collec- 

 li\ely the Pari-ti'ihes, and they all consider the region containinu' 

 the sources of the ri\er Kajan as theii- oi-iüinal country. Mutual 

 (piarrels, tlie result of too dense a |)opulation, were the cause, that 

 for centuries anaiii and auaiji trihes moN'ed away to iiei^hhourinii' 

 rix'ers, as e.g'. it hap])e]ied no more than 25 years ago \\ith the tribe 

 Oenia Time, which settled on the 'J'awanu', a tributary on the left 

 of the Mahakam. 



The Baiiau-tribes oji the np])ei'-Mahakam also orii'inate from this 

 native country, which they call Apo KaJan, but they have li\ed in 

 their new home already for more than a hundred years. This was 

 cui'iously confirmed on my arrival in Apo Kajan with my Uahau- 

 escoi't. Theii' chieftain Kwinu' Iraiiu' then received foi" the iirst time 

 a full account of the history of his anc<'stoi-s, which was already 

 forgotten in his own tribe. 



How little intei-conrse the iidiabilaids of the U|>per-Mahakam have 

 with those of the r|»per-Kajan may be deri\'ed from (he fact that 

 amonp," all the younger iJahans only oik» man ha«l ever been in Apo 

 Kajan, and that, when in the company of (iO iiahans and 20 j)sendo- 

 Malays I set out on the expedition thither in Aiiuust il)()() none of us 

 knew the \vay. The journey lasted a month, and we had to traverse 

 uninhabilated land. 'V\\v way was indicated by sticks |)ul up in 

 a s|)ecial way in the i-iver-mouths by some Kcnjas who travelled in 

 boats in front of us. the sticks denotinu'' which rivers we had to tak(>. 



We may tliei*elbre assume as certain that we ha\'e to <leal with 

 trib(\s of the same oriuin, to which moreoxer their lanunaiie, dress, 

 morals and customs point, which distinuuish them clearly from othei- 

 tribes, e. ui,-. from those on the llirito- and Lowcr-Uatanu- lu'djanti". 

 Their descendinii I'roni Apo Kajan to the r|»|»er- .Mahakam, how e\er, 

 broiiuht the Hahaiis in |)eculiar conditions, which exercised a n'reat 

 iidluence on them. ( )n the rpper-Mahakam. namely, the i>aliaus 

 li\e at a heiuht of from 250 to 2(H) metres, the Apo Kajan is (JOO 

 metres and hiuliei'. That this difference as reiiards the climate is 

 \('\-y considerable especially in Uorneo, may be deri\(Ml from tlu^ 



Proccedingt? Koyal Acm\. AiUJileitlam, VdI. V, 



