(466) 
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In every annular layer, bounded by two consecutive surfaces of 
discontinuity, the moment of rotation of unit mass (@ = w7?) as 
well as the so-called potential temperature @ are constant; but in a 
following layer, farther from the Sun’s axis, 2 hasa greater and 4 a 
smaller value. Within every laver there exists a velocity potential, 
but at the separating surfaces the linear velocity changes discontinuously, 
the difference between the velocities on each side of one and the 
same separating surface increasing as that surface approaches the axis. 
The waves, that are formed in the separating surfaces, will proceed 
in the direction of the rotation, and when, after growing steeper and 
steeper, they break, the resulting vortices will have their core-lines 
perpendicular to the direction of motion of the waves, i.e. coinciding 
with the generatrices of the surfaces of discontinuity. So, the curves 
in our figure also give an idea of the position of the vortex-cores. 
From the theory follows, as we already mentioned, that at each 
definite surface of discontinuity the leap of the velocity is greater 
at a short than at a long distance from the Sun’s axis; therefore, 
the transition from a wave into a whirl must, as a rule, begin in 
those parts of that wave, which are nearer to the axis, and appear 
afterwards in the outer parts. 
Further it is clear that, because every whirling leads to mingling 
of the adjacent parts of two layers and to the formation of two new 
surfaces of discontinuity, there will never exist a complete surface, 
such as indicated by our sketch. Everywhere we shall meet with 
pieces of surfaces of discontinuity; only their main character and the 
average direction of the vortex-cores will correspond to the sketch. 
And in spite of the continual mixing of layers, which leads to 
equalization of differing rotational velocities, the motion still remains 
nearly stationary; for within each layer, temporarily enclosed between 
two surfaces of discontinuity, the convection currents carry cooled 
matter inwards and hot matter outwards, by which process the 
differences in rotational velocity are renewed. 
Forced as we are to admit, that such an uninterrupted mixing 
process is going on in the Sun, the advantage of explaining the 
chromosphere and the prominences by anomalous dispersion of white 
light, must appear to us very obvious. All other explanations, that 
I know of, must start from the hardly tenable supposition, that the 
different gases of the chromosphere are separately present in large 
quantities. 
Emprn has succeeded in deducing many properties of sun-spots 
from the supposition, that the spots show us the places, where huge 
whirls attain the Sun’s surface. It seems to me that EMDEN’s views 
